תוצאת חיפוש

סטפנו פדלה¹, אנדי וולף², פרנק פ’ שטריצל³, רפאל מרטין-גרניסו לופס⁴, סטפן פורטר¹, איריו קונטינן⁵

¹ Oral Medicine and Special Needs Dentistry Unit, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic, Medical and Surgical Sciences, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom,

² סליוול בע"מ, כפר חרוצים, ישראל,3bereich oralmedizin, zahnärztliche röntgenologie und chirurgie, charité centrum ³für zahn-, mund- und kieferheilkunde, berlin, germany,4Servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain, ⁵Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital of the Invalid Foundation, Helsinki, and COXA Hospital for Joint Replacement, Tampere, Finland

קסרוסטומיה היא תופעה שכיחה מאוד, אשר מלבד תחושת יובש פה, יכולה לגרום לבעיה פסיכו-חברתית, לאיכות חיים ירודה ולסיבוכים, כמו עששת שיניים וקנדידיאזיס פומי. קסרוסטומיה קשורה בדרך כלל לתת-תפקוד של בלוטות הרוק, הנובע ממגוון רב של סיבות, וביניהן התסמונת סיוגרן (Sjögren’s syndrome), הקרנות לראש-צוואר ונטילת תרופות.

הטיפולים הנוכחיים מסתמכים על תחליפי רוק ועל גירוי פרמקולוגי של המערכת הפארא-סימפתטית. יעילותם של טיפולים אלה מוגבלת עקב השפעתם קצרת הטווח, מחירם הגבוה, פעולות הגומלין הבין-תרופתיות או השפעות הלוואי הנגרמות מהם.

נמצא, כי גירוי הרפלקסים האוטונומיים על ידי חשמל הניתן מקומית בעור או ברירית מגדיל את הפרשת הרוק בבעלי חיים, ועל סמך תוצאות של ניסויים קליניים משפר תסמינים של יובש פה בחולים עם תת-תפקוד של בלוטות רוק.

המטרה במאמר הנוכחי הייתה לסקור את הנושא ולעדכן את הקוראים על המצב הנוכחי של מכשירי גירוי חשמלי מיניאטוריים. היכולת שלהם לטפל ביובש בפה באופן בטוח וללא צורך בתרופות, נראית מבטיחה.

The Interaction Between Saliva and Cigarette Smoke and its Devastating Biological Effects as Related to Oral Cancer

Rafael M. Nagler, Ifat Klein, Abraham Z. Reznick

Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Salivary Clinic and Oral Biochemistry Laboratory and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rambam Medical Center and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

Saliva is the first body fluid to confront inhaled cigarette smoke (CS) which is injurious to the oral cavity and is associated with several oral diseases and cancer. We have recently demonstrated in an In vitro model that an exposure of saliva to nine `puffs' of CS induced a distinct increase in protein carbonyls. This elevation of protein carbonyls caused by CS may be the result of aldehydes presented in the CS reacting with sulphydryl (-SH) groups of the proteins. Moreover, following the exposure to CS, the activities of several salivary enzymes amylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acid phosphatase (ACP) were found to be significantly reduced by 83%, 57% and 77%, respectively. However, CS had no effect on the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. In the current study we found that CS also reduced salivary peroxidase activity by no less than 80% which may be of a great importance to the clinical set up as peroxidase is considered a pivotal enzyme of the the salivary protecting system. Furthermore, in contrast to LDH findings in saliva, the LDH activity in plasma was not reduced following its exposure to CS.

Conclusion: Hence, we concluded that the loss of salivary enzyme activities may be due to various agents in the CS that affect the enzyme via different mechanisms.

Antioxidant Profile of Human Saliva and its Biological Significance

R. M. Nagler, A. Z. Reznick

Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Salivary Clinic and Oral Biochemistry Laboratory; Rambam Medical Center and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa

Saliva is the first biological medium to come in contact with materials entering the body through the oral cavity. These materials are contained in food and drink (or inhaled as volatile ingredients). Accordingly, saliva contains various defense mechanisms which have been thoroughly investigated. They include immunological and enzymatic systems aimed at pathological microorganisms. Saliva also can protect the mucosa against mechanical insults and when required, promote its healing via agents such as the epidermal growth factor.

Another defense mechanism in saliva which has been gaining increased attention and seems to be of paramount importance is its antioxidant system. We discuss both the molecular and enzymatic components of the salivary antioxidant system in respect to mixed, parotid, submandibular and sublingual saliva and under various physiological conditions of secretion.

Irradiation Injury of the Salivary Glands

R. M. Nagler

Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Biochemistry Laboratory, Rambam Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa

Ionizing irradiation of the salivary glands often leads to severe histological and functional alterations. Such exposure usually occurs during radiotherapy in patients with head and neck malignancy. The consequent xerostomia, often life-long, may result from even relatively low dosage irradiation, and causes a great deal of suffering. We suggest a radiobiological mechanism for this phenomenon which has been studied extensively since first described in 1911. The suggested injurious role of redox active transition metal ions and highly destructive free radicals is discussed in relation to the ultimate radiosensitive cellular target, DNA.