תוצאת חיפוש

דלקת זיהומית מקוקסיאלה בורנטי (Q fever) יכולה להסתמן כמו מחלה אוטואימונית או רימטולוגית, כפי שהודגם בפרשת החולה במאמר זה. המחלה התבטאה כקריוגלובולינמיה עם הרס נרחב של מסתם הוותין. במסגרת אבחנה מבדלת יש להביא בחשבון זיהום בקדחת Q, העלול לסבך את מהלך המחלה ואף לגרום לסיבוכים מסכני חיים.

איברהים מרעי, יאיר לוי

המח' לרפואה פנימית ב', מרכז רפואי שיבא, תל-השומר והפקולטה לרפואה סאקלר, אוניברסיטת תל אביב

שיהוק הוא התכווצות פתאומית של שרירי הנשימה, שלאחריה באה סגירה פתאומית של בית-הקול (glottis) – וזו גורמת ליצירת הקול האופייני. שיהוק הוא תסמין ללא תיפקוד פיסיולוגי ברור. לרוב הוא תסמין טב (benogh) שחולף ללא צורך בטיפול. שיהוקים ממושכים ובלתי-נשלטים יכולים להעיד על בעיה אורגנית, ומחייבים בירור מקיף שמתבסס על אנאנמנזה, בדיקה גופנית, בדיקות עזר ובדיקות דימות. הטיפול מכוון לבעיה האורגנית במידה וזו קיימת. הטיפול השיהוקים כרוניים ואידיופאתיים הוא אמפירי, והמישלב של Omeprazole, Cisapride ו-Baclofen הוא היעיל ביותר.

במאמר זה מדווח על פרשות חולים עם שיהוקים מתמשכים משנית להרעלת דיגוקסין, איסכמיה בדופן התחתון של שריר-הלב, מחלה עיכולית (deptic disease) ומחלת רפלוקס של הוושט. חולים אלו מייצגים מיגוון נרחב של מחלות העשויות לגרום לתופעת השיהוקים.

אבראהים מרעי, יאיר לוי, יהודה שינפלד,

המח' לרפואה פנימית ב' והמרכז למחלות אוטואימוניות, מרכז רפואי שיבא, תל-השומר, והפקולטה לרפואה סאקלר, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב

זאבת אדמנתית מערכתית היא מחלה אוטואימונית מערכתית, המערבת את כל האיברים, במיוחד את מערכת עצבים המרכזית וההיקפית, הריאות, הלב, הכליות, העור, הקרומים הנסיוביים ומרכיבי הדם. המחלה שכיחה יותר בנשים ולא ידוע הגורם האטיולוגי הגורם להתפרצותה, אך הוא קשור במספר גנים האחראיים על התגובה החיסונית. בעשור האחרון חלה התקדמות רבה בהבנה של מחלת הזאבת ובטיפול בלוקים בה. עובדה זו תרמה לשיפור בשיעור ההישרדות ובאיכות-החיים של חולי זאבת.

השיפור בפרוגנוזה תלוי בגורמים רבים: מצב חברתי-כלכלי, רפואה מתקדמת ונגישות לטיפול רפואי. שלושה היבטים של המחלה דרושים לקביעת הפרוגנוזה: פעילות המחלה, נזק מצטבר, מצב בריאותי ואיכות חייו של החולה.

איברהים מרעי, יאיר לוי

המח' לרפואה פנימית ב', מרכז רפואי שיבא, תל-השומר, והפקולטה לרפואה סאקלר, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב

דופמין נמצא בטיפול נרחב למניעה וטיפול באי-ספיקת כליות. הטיפול בו מבוסס על ההנחה, שלדופמין ברירנות כלייתית כשהוא ניתן במינון נמוך. אין עדויות ליעילות דופמין במניעת אי-ספיקת כליות חדה בקרב חולים שעברו הליכים בסיכון גבוה, ברוב העבודות, דווח על חוסר יעילות ואף על סכנה במתן דומפמין ללוקים באי-ספיקת כליות חדה. לדופמין השפעות-לוואי לא מבוטלות. קיים צורך בעבודות מבוקרות ואקראיות שבהן תיבדק השפעת הטיפול בדופמין על שיעור התמותה, הצורך בדיאליזה או על משך האישפוז. בינתיים לא מומלץ מתן דופמין כטיפול מונע או כטיפול בלוקים באי-ספיקת כליות חדה.

בעקבות הדיווח הראשוני על השפעות דופמין על מערכת הלב וכלי-הדם ועל הכליות, נמצא תכשיר זה בטיפול נרחב ביחידות לטיפול נמרץ ובמחלקות לרפואה פנימית מאז 1972. מתן דופמין למניעה וטיפול בלוקים באי-ספיקת כליות חדה מבוסס על יכולתו להעלות את זרימת הדם לכליות בבעלי חיים ובבני אדם בריאים. הטיפול בדופמין למטרות אלה ניתן זה יותר מ- 25 שנים באורח שיגרתי, מבלי שלמעשה נערכו מחקרים מבוקרים המוכיחים את יעילותו והמבהירים מהן השפעות-הלוואי שלו. לאחרונה, עלו שאלות וספקות לגבי יעילות הטיפול בדופמין באי-ספיקת כליות חדה, ופורטו הסיכונים בטיפול זה.

במאמר זה, נסקרת הספרות בשנים האחרונות, המתייחסת לטיפול בדופמין באי-ספיקת כליות חדה, והאם קיימת הצדקה לטיפול זה.

Following 90 Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Manifestations of the Disease, Follow-Up of Antibodies Titers and Correlations with Clinical Manifestations in the Israeli Population - Patients in the Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Ibrahim Marai, Yair Levi, Gezal Godard, Yehuda Shoenfeld

Department of Medicine B and Research Unit of Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (affiliated to Tel-Aviv University), Israel.

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is defined by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) with venous or arterial thrombosis, recurrent pregnancy loss or thrombocytopenia. The syndrome can be either primary or secondary to an underlying condition, most commonly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

The purpose of the study was to review the manifestations of the APS in Israeli patients and to investigate the difference between patients with primary or secondary syndrome. Analysis of the correlation between the manifestations of the disease and the antibody titers [LA (lupus anticoagulant), IgG aCL (anticardiolipin), IgM aCL] was also performed.

In the study there were 90 patients with APS in the Sheba Medical Center. The clinical findings for all patients were recorded according to established protocol.

Results: Arterial thrombotic events were present in 51.1% of the patients; cereberal ischemic attacks were the most frequent arterial events. Venous thrombotic events were present in 45.6% patients; deep venous thrombosis was the most frequent venous event. Obstetric complications were found in 37.3% of patients; the most frequent complication was abortions. The clinical findings of patients with primary or secondary syndrome were similar. Patients with APS associated with lupus had a high prevalence of hemolytic anemia (28.6% v 3.3%; P=0.001), and ANA (antinuclear antibody) (75% v 12.9%; P=0.0001). There was no correlation between the antibody titers (LA, IgG aCL, IgM aCL) and clinical manifestations. The patients received anticoagulant treatment and antiaggregant drugs to prevent recurrence of symptoms. Clinical manifestations in Israeli patients did not differ from those in non-Israeli patients.

Conclusions: Venous or arterial thrombosis and obstetric complications are the most frequent clinical findings in APS. There was no different in clinical manifestations between primary and secondary syndrome. The findings of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and ANA were more frequent in patients with secondary APS. There was no correlation between antiphospholipid antibody titers and manifestations of disease. Overall, the patients require therapy with anticoagulant treatment and antiaggregant drugs. The clinical manifestations were similar in Israeli and non-Israeli patients.

Intravenous Immunoglobulins Treatment of Patients with Graves' Ophthalmopathy

Adi Leibe, Yair Levy, Yehuda Shoenfeld

Department of Medicine B and Research Unit of Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University

Graves' ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune disease manifested as exophthalmus, lid lag and diplopia. As in the accompanying autoimmune thyroid disease, there is an autoimmune homoral and cellular attack on the orbita, mainly the retro-orbital tissues.

Steroids are the comerstone of therapy. We reviewed the evidence for a similar therapeutic effect of I.V., immunoglobulins (IVIGs) and their better side affect profile as compared to steroids. We also described an impressive therapeutic success with IVIG given to a patient with resistant ophthalmopathy. The clinical picture of Graves' ophthalmopathy is attributed to a pathologic hyper - activation of orbital fibroblasts, deposition of collagen and glycosaminoglycans in the extra-cellular matrix and eventually fibrosis. These are mediated by leucoregulin, IL-1, IFN-gamma, and TGF-beta - all secreted by lymphocytes and mast cells in the retorbital space.

Another mode of cell activation is by binding of autoantibodies (presumably thyroid stimulating Ab's) to an antigenic determinant on the surface of fibroblasts.

I.V. immunoglobulins, known today to be active in a variety of autoimmune processes, exert their effect on autoantibodies, complement, phagocytic cells etc. IVIGs also inhibit orbital lymphocytes and fibroblasts through inhibition of IL-1 or/and TGF-beta.

Neurological Manifestations in West Nile Fever

R. Grossman, Y. Levi

Department of Medicine B and Research Unit of Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center (Affiliated to Tel-Aviv University), Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan

The West Nile fever is a viral disease transferred by a mosquito bite. It is well known in the world for the last 70 years. Recently, there was an outbreak of this disease in Israel. We will describe case reports of 2 patients who were afflicted by the disease. The first one was hospitalized with an unusual presentation including paralysis to the lower limbs, while the second one was admitted with meningitis. In both, the course was quite dramatic, and one of them expired. Reviewing the literature revealed that neurological manifestations are quite frequent among these patients (90%), while in elder people, they were fatal.

Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma in Myasthenia Gravis - Auto-Immunity and Late Development of Malignancy

Yitzhak Rosen, Yair Levy, Yehuda Shoenfeld

Dept. of Internal Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

We report a 75-year-old man with myasthenia gravis for many years, who was hospitalized because of cough, fever, and dyspnea. Chest x-ray revealed a bilateral pleural effusion. Adenocarcinomatous cells were found in the pleural fluid. Computerized tomography of the chest showed widespread pulmonary dissemination of the tumor.

The relationship between myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disease involving the motor end-plate, and malignancy (thymoma) has been widely recognized. Current literature documents few reports of lung malignancies with concurrent development of myasthenia gravis. A tentative explanation, based on current research, is provided for the possible role of myasthenia gravis and the late development of lung cancer. Moreover, a model for the autoimmune phenomenon and the development of late malignancies will be provided with explicit explanations. It is important to search for occult, developing malignancies in newly diagnosed autoimmune diseases.

Relapse of Sarcoidosis after Alternative Medical Treatment

Georgy Edelson, Yair Levy, Yehuda Shoenfeld

Dept. of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Reference to alternative medicine frequently appears in newspaper headlines, advertisements and in articles in medical journals. The practice of alternative medicine has increased, even as the number of critical articles warning of deleterious effects have also increased. Public demand is strong and growing, but there are no clear rules as to what is not permissible, particularly when treatment is not by qualified physicians. There are still no clear indications and contra-indications for complementary (not alternative) medicine in patients with organic injuries and life-threatening conditions. However, it is obvious that in these patients complementary medicine should not be substituted for conventional therapy.

We present a 32-year-old man with sarcoidosis who discontinued conventional therapy on his own initiative and began alternative medicine (homeopathy) with subsequent deterioration in his condition. He was hospitalized for a relapse of his sarcoidosis which required large doses of corticosteroids.

Malignant Nodular Hidradenoma (Sweat Gland Tumor)

Anat Engel, Yaron Bar-Dayan, Santiago Engelberg, Yair Levi

Depts. of Medicine B, Pathology, and Disease Research Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Malignanhidradenoma is a very rare tumor that originates from sweat glands. We present a 61-year-old man with an ulcerated tumor in his right flank, 4 cm in diameter, that was excised with a wide free margin. Histopathologic study showed an ill-defined, epithelial neoformation, formed by lobules of clear polygonal cells in the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue, diagnosed as malignant nodular hidradenoma.

1.5 years after excision there was enlargement of the right axillary and inguinal lymph nodes, which showed metastatic, adnexal neoplastic cells. Axillary resection and superficial dissection of the right inguinal nodes were performed. After 3 months the tumor had spread to other lymph nodes and acute obstructive renal failure required insertion of a pig-tail catheter into the right ureter. Radiotherapy was followed by chemo-therapy, but he died from end-stage metastatic disease in multi-organ failure.

Pulmonary Hypertension and Multi-Valvular Damage Caused by Anorectic Drugs

Serge E. Goldstein, Yair Levy, Yehuda Shoenfeld

Medical Dept. B and Institute for Immunological Disease Research, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Marked obesity is an independent risk factor for multisystem morbidity. The use of anorectic drugs is an aggressive strategy for weight reduction. It appears to be an easy way of dealing with the problem, because the patient needn't change his behavior. However, such treatment is not harmless. At the end of the 60's an outbreak of pulmonary hypertension was associated with the drug aminorex, and it was soon withdrawn from the market. 30 years later it became clear that new-generation anorectic drugs (fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, phentermine), which were being used world-wide, lead to both pulmonary hypertension and valvular damage.

We describe a woman of 70 with both these complications which developed after prolonged anorectic therapy with a fenfluramine-phentermine combination.

Viagra, the First Oral Treatment for Impotence

Y. Assouline-Dayan, Y. Levi, Y. Shoenfeld

Medical Dept B, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Impotence, a common problem especially among older men, can now be treated with Viagra, This oral pill, unlike previous approved treatments mostly involving local injections, does not directly cause penile erection, but increases response to sexual stimulation. It acts by enhancing the relaxant effects of nitric acid on smooth muscle, and thus increases blood flow to certain areas of the penis, leading to erection. It has been evaluated in many randomized trials and in all was more successful in inducing erection than placebos. The most common side-effects include headache, flushing and indigestion, but there have also been reports of fatalities.

We describe a 75-year-old man who had an acute myocardial infraction in the past and who had maturity-onset diabetes and hypertension. In the week prior to admission he had a cardiac scan following a few weeks of exacerbation of anginal pain for which he had been taking nitrites. He took a Viagra pill without prescription or medical advice and 2 hours later, during intercourse with his wife, developed audible respiratory distress and lost consciousness. His wife started cardiac massage but not mouth-to-mouth breathing. The emergency team found ventricular fibrillation and gave 5 electrical shocks and amines and atropine. He remained unconscious, but his pulse returned and he was hospitalized. He then had several generalized convulsions treated with IV valium. 20 minutes after admission there was asystole and all attempts at resuscitation failed.

Cardiovascular status must be considered prior to prescribing Viagra, and the associated risk evaluated.

Fibrosarcoma after Silicone Breast Augmentation: Associated?

Anabel Aharon-Maor, Yair Levy, Yehuda Schoenfeld

Medical Dept. B, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

We describe a 42-year-old woman in whom bilateral fibrosarcoma of the breast was diagnosed 15 years after bilateral breast augmentation with silicone implants. 3 years prior to admission the implants were replaced and 2 years prior to admission mammography showed a nodule in the left breast which biopsy showed to be fibrosarcoma. The implants were removed from both breasts and she was given chemotherapy but later that year underwent bilateral mastectomy. Despite chemotherapy, as well as adjuvant radiotherapy, the disease progressed, with involvement of the lungs and the skin of the left hemithorax. She was admitted repeatedly for severe anemia caused by bleeding from the malignant skin lesions, and died less than 2 years after diagnosis of the disease.

Not all reports in the literature find a significant connection between silicone implants and subsequent development of breast cancer, but there are reports that do connect them. Breast fibrosarcoma is not significantly more frequent after silicone augmentation, but still there is controversy as to whether there is a connection between silicone implants and breast malignancy. In the patient we present, the prolonged exposure to silicone may have been a predisposing factor for the development of bilateral fibrosarcoma, since other known risk factors for breast cancer were denied.