תוצאת חיפוש

מיכאל ויינריב¹, אדוארד זליקובסקי², נחום ארליך², איגור אידלברג³, יעקב קנטי³, אילן ליבוביץ¹

המח' לאורולוגיה, מרכז רפואי מאיר¹, כפר-סבא המסונף לפקולטה לרפואה, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב, מרכז רפואי הלל יפה², חדרה, המסונף לפקולטה לרפואה, טכניון, מרכז רפואי סורוקה³, באר-שבע, המסונף לפקולטה למדעי הרפואה, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון

סרטן שלפוחית-השתן בישראל הוא המחלה השלישית-רביעית בשכיחותה בקרב האוכלוסייה הכללית.  האוכלוסייה הערבית בישראל מהווה קבוצה אתנית הנבדלת מכלל האוכלוסייה היהודית מבחינה גנטית, גיאוגרפית, חברתית וכלכלית. היא בעלת אורח-חיים שונה, וחשופה לגורמים תזונתיים וסביבתיים שונים. 

המטרה במאמר הנוכחי היא לדווח על האפידמיולוגיה ומהלך הטיפול בחולים בסרטן אפיתל המעבר של שלפוחית-השתן (TCC) (להלן סאמש"ש)¹ באוכלוסייה הערבית שבטיפול במוסדותינו.

לשם כך נערך מחקר רב-מרכזי, רטרוספקטיבי, שכלל איסוף מידע על כל חולי סאמש"ש ממוצא ערבי שטופלו במרכזים הרפואיים מאיר (33 חולים), הלל יפה (31 חולים) וסורוקה (36 חולים) במשך השנים 1993-2003. המדדים שנבחנו כללו גיל, מין, גורמי סיכון לסאמש"ש, גיל בעת ההופעה הראשונה של סאמש"ש, פתולוגיה בעת האיבחון והתקדמות המחלה, מספר הישנויות השאת, אופן הטיפול במחלה ומצב החולה.

מתוך 1638 ניתוחי TURBT שנערכו בשלושת המרכזים הרפואיים הללו, אותרו 100 ערבים עם סאמש"ש (6.1%). מעקב הממוצע אחרי החולים היה 2.3 שנים. מהם 93% היו גברים ו-7% נשים: יחס גברים לנשים 1:13.4. 91% מן הגברים עישנו לעומת רק 14% מבין הנשים. הגיל הממוצע בעת גילוי המחלה היה 64 שנה, ובנשים אובחן הסאמש"ש בגיל מבוגר מאשר בגברים. שמונים-ושלושה אחוזים (83%) מן החולים אובחנו בשלב שיטחי ו- 17% בשלב מתקדם: T2 (93%), T3-T4 (7%). בקרב 80% מן חולים עם מחלה שטחית לא ניצפתה התקדמות המחלה בתקופת המחקר. התקדמות ממחלה שטחית לפולשנית ניצפתה ב-20% מהחולים עם T1 לעומת 6% מהחולים עם Ta. עשרים-ואחד אחוזים (21%) מהחולים אובחנו בשלב  ,G147% בשלב G2, ו-32% בשלב G3. מהלך המחלה באוכלוסייה הערבית אינו שונה ממהלך המחלה הידוע באוכלוסייה הכללית בישראל או ארה"ב.

לסיכום, תוצאות העבודה הנוכחית מצביעות על שוני באפידמיולוגיה של סאמש"ש בקרב חולים ממוצא ערבי. בעבודה זו מדווח על אפידמיולוגיה שונה בגיל הופעת המחלה, יחס בין נשים וגברים והשפעת העישון כגורם-סיכון משמעותי מאוד להופעת סאמש"ש באוכלוסיית ערביי ישראל.

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¹ סאמש"ש – סרטן אפיתל המעבר של שלפוחית-השתן.

Surgery of the Carotid Body Tumors

Galit Sivak, Menashe Haddad, Ram Avrahami, Avigdor Zelikovski

Department of Vascular Surgery, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tikva and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.

Carotid body tumor is a rare tumor of obscure origin, usually benign, and commonly present as a non-painful cervical mass. Resection is the treatment of choice. When the tumor is very adherent to the carotid artery, it may be necessary to also resect the artery and to reconstruct the arterial continuity using a saphenous or synthetic interposition graft. The most common complication of surgery is damage to the cranial nerves in the vicinity of the artery. We present 8 patients with carotid body tumor who underwent surgery in our department in 1996-1999. Two had a large tumor penetrating the intima which mandated resection of the involved carotid artery and a saphenous interposition graft reconstruction. Our experience with resection of carotid body tumors is detailed, with emphasis on precautions taken to prevent damage to the adjacent cranial nerves.

Treatment of Traumatic False Aneurysm of the Thoracic Aorta with Stent Graft

R. Avrahami, M. Noyman-Levine, M. Haddad, A. Koren, J. Dahan, G. Sivak, A. Zelikovski,

Department of Vascular Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva

and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel

The treatment of traumatic false aneurysm of the thoracic aorta by endovascular stent graft may have advantages over conventional surgery. This is a case study of two women suffering from false aneurysm of the thoracic aorta caused in one by a knife injury and in the other by a car accident. After the patients became hemodynamically stable, a commercially available endothelial stent graft (Talent, Gor) was deployed. Recovery was rapid in the first patient. The second patient required emergency laparotomy for venous bleeding one day after stent placement; she died two weeks later, mainly from organ failure.

Conclusions: Endovascular techniques can be used in selected cases to treat thoracic false aneurysms thereby avoiding the complexity and morbidity of conventional surgery.

Elective Repair of Infra-Renal Aortic Aneurysm 

J.D. Cohen, P. Singer, M. Haddad, A. Zelikovski

Depts. of General Intensive Care and Vascular Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus; and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Age over 80 years is generally considered an independent risk factor in elective surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). As the general population increases in age, more elderly are likely to be candidates for such surgery.

We studied prospectively 100 consecutive patients undergoing elective AAA surgery between 1992-1995. All were operated on by the same team of anesthetists and surgeons and all were transferred to the general ICU for at least the first 24 hours. 16 were above the age of 80 (Group I) and 84 below (Group II).

We recorded preoperative factors (demographics, medical history, risk factor indices, EKG findings, as well as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and stress imaging when indicated); intraoperative factors (duration of surgery, size of aneurysm, complications and units of blood transfused); postoperative factors (length of ICU stay, duration of ventilation, APACHE II [Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation] and TISS [Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System] scores; complications in the ICU, need for readmission to the ICU, and mortality).

In Group I LVEF was greater (p=0.03) and aneurysm size significantly larger (p=0.036), but there were no other significant differences between the 2 groups with regard to pre- and intraoperative data. Group I patients were not ventilated as long (p=0.038), but there were no significant differences in outcome factors. Mortality for the whole group was 5% and was not significantly different in the 2 groups (1/16 in Group I and 4/84 in Group II).

We conclude that there is no excess morbidity or mortality in octogenarians undergoing AAA surgery. However risk of the aneurysms rupturing is significantly greater since they are larger. We suggest that age not be considered the sole criterion for aneurysm repair, or at least not in selected patients with normal LVEF.

Popliteal Vascular Trauma

R. Avrahami, M. Haddad, B. Watemberg, E. Stelman, A. Koren, J. Dahn, A. Zelikovski

Dept. of Vascular Surgery, Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson Campus), Petah Tikva

6 cases of popliteal vascular trauma are presented, 3 due to posterior dislocation of the knee and 3 due to crush injury. The patients were referred from another hospital and some had undergone unnecessary angiography when ischemia was present, leading to delay in surgery. All patients presented with distal ischemia and underwent reconstructive surgery; 2 subsequently underwent below-knee amputation because of irreversible ischemia and sepsis.

Urgent operation for popliteal vascular trauma is necessary whenever there is ischemia and intraoperative angiography may be necessary. There should be reconstruction of the artery and vein when there is concomitant venous damage, and fasciotomy and debridement are important. The harmful potential of occult popliteal vascular injuries and their ostensible mild presentation present a challengfor the emergency room surgeon.

Gastrointestinal Angiodysplasia

D. Zamir, C. Zinger, J. Jarchovski, Z. Fireman, R. Magadle, L. Zelikovski, G. Bartal, P. Weiner

Depts. of Medicine A and B, and Gastroenterology and Nuclear Institutes, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera

Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia is a cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly, for which surgery has been the only treatment. Estrogen has been reported beneficial in some cases in the past decade. Recurrent bleeding due to angiodysplasia occurred from the small intestine in a 75-year-old woman, and from the right colon in a 91-year-old man. The diagnoses were made by angiography in the first case and colonoscopy and erythrocyte- scanning in the second. There was aortic stenosis in both, a combination which has been reported in other cases. Both patients improved with estrogen therapy. However, after temporary stabilization, gastrointestinal bleeding recurred in the second patient and he was successfully operated on.

Traumatic Common Carotid-Internal Jugular Fistula: Positive Aspect

R. Avrahami, M. Liverson, M. Haddad, A. Zelikovsky

Dept. of Vascular Surgery and Anesthesia, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

A 42-year-old man presented with a penetrating neck injury from a pellet gun. Physical examination showed an open 1 cm wound on the right side of the neck, hematoma of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle, and carotid artery injury. He was hemodynamically stable and there was no neurological deficit. Arteriogram of the neck disclosed a pseudoaneurysm with an arteriovenous fistula between the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein. At surgery, the tears in the carotid artery and jugular vein were sutured and a vacuum drain was introduced. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 5 days later. Instead of the expected results of a penetrating carotid artery injury, such as blood loss, airway obstruction or neurological deficit, the arteriovenous fistula caused by the pellet actually saved the patient's life. Blood flow from the artery via the pseudoaneurysm to the jugular vein kept the patient in stable condition.