תוצאת חיפוש

אבי בן-הרוש(1), טלי זילברשטיין(2), מרדכי חלק(2), בוריס קפלן(1)

המח' לנשים ויולדות, מרכז רפואי רבין, קמפוס בילינסון, פתח תקווה(1), החטיבה למיילדות וגינקולוגיה, מרכז רפואי סורוקה, באר שבע(2)

בסוף שנות ה-60, הציגו Driscoll’O וחב', מדבלין, "חבילת" טיפול וניהול פעיל ללידה ראשונה. לבד מתמיכה פסיכולוגית ומעקב צמוד לאורך הלידה, הוכנסו מספר חידושים מהפכניים; פקיעה מלאכותית של קרומי השפיר (amniotomy) ומתן אוקסיטוצין במינונים גבוהים מוקדם בתהליך הלידה, שהוגבלה ל-12 שעות בלבד. מסקנתם היתה אז, ששיטה זאת יעילה למניעת לידה ממושכת. בניגוד לסברה שרווחה שהגבלת זמן הלידה תוביל לשיעור גבוה יותר של חיתוכי דופן (cesarean section), במהלך שנות ה-70 נמצא, שבעוד שברחבי העולם שיעור חיתוכי הדופן עולה והולך, הרי ששיעור זה נותר נמוך יחסית בדבלין. מאוחר יותר, דיווחה אותה הקבוצה מדבלין, כי למעשה ניהול פעיל הוא זה המוריד את שיעור חיתוכי הדופן. מאז, חלוקות הדעות בדבר יעילות שיטת ניהול לידה זאת והישגיה, לעומת ניהול לידה שמרני וברירני יותר. בסקירה זאת, נעמוד על הקשר שבין ניהול לידה פעיל לשיעור חיתוכי הדופן.

Surgical Repair of Myxomatous Mitral Valve

D. Bitran, O. Merin, I. Dzigivker, D.Rosenmann, S. Od-allah, S. Silberman

Depts. of Cardiothoracic Surgery and of Anesthesiology and Cardiology; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem

Myxomatous mitral valve disease is now the most common cause of mitral regurgitation in the western world. Repair of the leaking valve has become standard surgical procedure during the past 2 decades. Between 1993-1999 we performed 113 repairs of the mitral valve. In 25 patients the etiology was myxomatous degeneration (no mortality). Long-term clinical results depend on patients' functional class at surgery. Based on this fact, and the good surgical results, it is recommended to refer such patients even with severe mitral incompetence for surgery at an early stage, even if symptoms are minimal.

Assisted Reproductive Technologies Reported in Israel National Registry, 1995 and 1996

V. Insler, O. Gonnen, D. Levran, Y. Lotan, B. Fish, G. Potashnik, A. Kogosovsky, R. Ron-El

Committee of the Israel National Registry Assisted Reproductive Technologies*

National registration of the results of assisted reproductive technology (ART) is maintained by many countries. The Israel Committee for Registry of ART asked 19 in-vitro fertilization (IVF) units in 1995 and 20 in 1996 to report on their activities and results.

Data were collected by questionnaires and analyzed by computer. The most common ovarian stimulation was the combination of GnRH agonist and gonadotropins. There were 10,89 treatment cycles in 1995, of which 45% were with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In 1996, of 12,72 cycles, 54% were with the ICSI procedure. Embryos were transferred into the uterine cavity in 90% of the conventional IVF cycles and in 95% of the ICSI cycles. The overall pregnancy rate was 22% per embryo transfer in the conventional IVF and ICSI cycles. The delivery rate was 13.7% and 15.4% per embryo transfer in the conventional IVF and ICSI cycles, respectively. The rates for abortion and tubal pregnancy were 24% and 1.3%, respectively.

These results are better than in previous years and are comparable with results in some western European countries. Efforts are being made to convert the registry into a real-time computerized system.

Committee of the Israel National Registry of ART.

Coloring the Floor of Schlemm's Canal in Deep Sclerectomy

Ben Zion Silverstone

Eye Dept., Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem

Increased intraocular pressure in glaucoma, resistant to maximal tolerated medical therapy, can be relieved by deep sclerectomy. Its advantage over classical trabeculotomy is fewer postoperative complications. This probably results from its being relatively noninvasive, since the anterior chamber is not penetrated.

Successful deep sclerectomy requires preservation of the trabeculo-descemetic membrane, which forms part of the floor of Schlemm's canal. Aqueous flows from the anterior chamber across the trabeculo-descemetic membrane and into the ocular venous drainage. Despite the importances of its preservation, during deep sclerectomy it is perforated in 10-15% of cases.

Coloring the endothelium lining the floor of the canal with gentian violet solution improves visualization of the membrane and thus aids in its preservation. Its use makes the procedure easier and should improve results.

Thrombocytopenic Purpura as Sole Manifestation of Brucellosis in a Child

Ronen Marom, Dan Miron, Herzel Gabriel, Yosef Horowitz

Pediatric Dept. A, Pediatric Infectious Disease Service, and Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Unit, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa

Thrombocytopenic purpura associated with brucellosis has rarely been described in children. The thrombocytopenic purpura is usually part of the array of manifestations of brucellosis, such as fever, malaise, arthralgia, arthritis, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy.

We describe a 4-year-old girl in whom severe thrombocytopenic purpura was the only manifestation of brucellosis which resolved after appropriate antibiotic therapy. We conclude that brucellosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenic purpura in areas endemic for brucellosis, and when there is a history of exposure to infected food products.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adults Treated with German Multicenter Study Group Protocols

G. Goldstein, O. Shpilberg, P. Raanani, A. Chetrit, I. Ben-Bassat

Institutes of Hematology and of Clinical Epidemiology, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease whose incidence is relatively low among adults, unlike in children. Adults with ALL have a lower rate of long-term disease-free survival. During the last 20 years, a German multicenter group has shown that their protocol have achieved good results in adult ALL.

We reviewed the medical records of 35 ALL patients, aged 19-63 years, whome we treated with these protocol (1988-1997). The remission rate was 94%. At a median follow-up of 46 months the 2-year overall survival was 54% and the disease-free survival was 94%. Although 2 patients died of bone marrow transplant complications, no death was directly associated with drug toxicity. The main grade 3 or 4 side effects (WHO classification) were neutropenia (91%), thrombocytopenia (71%) and anemia (71%).

With there protocols we achieved high overall and disease-free survival rates, especially in comparison with other reports. Despite the high rate of severe treatment toxicity, there were no fatalities directly related to treatment. These results emphasize the need to concentrate treatment of adult ALL patients in large medical centers with expertise in the use of the complicated treatment protocols required.

High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Trans-Plantation for Refractory and Relapsing Hodgkin's Disease

A. Avigdor, I. Hardan, O. Shpilberg, P. Raanani, I. Grotto, I. Ben-Bassat

Hematology Institute and Hemato-oncology Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

High dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation are widely used in relapsed and primary refractory Hodgkin's disease. We transplanted 42 patients with Hodgkin's disease between 1990-1998. Median follow-up was 31 months (range 1-102). 29 (69%) were transplanted after relapse and 13 (31%) were refractory to first line therapy. Median age at transplantation was 29 years (range 19-58) and 23 (55%) were males.

All were treated with the BEAM protocol (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine and melphelan). 18 who were in remission received radiotherapy following transplantation. The source of the stem cells was bone marrow in 17% and peripheral blood in 83%. At initial diagnosis: 57% had stage III-IV disease and B symptoms were present in 52%. 75% were treated with MOPP, ABVD or with related versions. Radiotherapy followed in 52%. Prior to transplantation, 45% of the relapsed group were in the advanced stage. 33% and 12% of all patients had lung and bone involvement, respectively.

The complete remission rate was 86% for the 2 groups. 2 (5%) died from transplant-related complications and MDS/AML developed in 2 (5%) after transplantation. The 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 68% and 60%, respectively. The 3-year OS for the relapsed group was 64% compared with 76% for the refractory group, and the 3-year DFS for the relapsed group was 60% vs. 42% for the refractory group (neither difference significant). Radiotherapy following transplantation did not have a beneficial effect on DFS. No prognostic factors for outcome of transplantation were found, most probably due to the limited number of patients and the high variability of disease characteristics.

We conclude that high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation are effective and relatively safe for relapsed or primary refractory Hodgkin's disease. The DFS at 3 years was longer for those transplanted after relapse than those with primary refractory disease, but not significantly. Patients with primary refractory disease can be salvaged with high dose chemotherapy.

Mitral Valve Repair in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy with Severeleft Ventricular Dysfunction

Dani Bitran, Ofer Merin, Jeffrey Fisher, Nadiv Shapira, Marc W. Klutstein, Shuli Silberman

Depts. of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Anesthesiology and Cardiology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem

Patients with ischemic mitral insufficiency and poor left ventricular function are high operative risks. We present 101 patients who had mitral valve repair in our department: 21 had severely reduced left ventricular function, 19 were in NYHA functional Class IV, and 2 in Class III. All had concomitant coronary artery bypass.

There was no early operative mortality, but there were 2 late deaths (9.6%). At follow-up (3-36 months) all valves were functioning normally, 9 patients (43%) were in NYHA functional Class I, and 4 (19%) in Class II.

Our experience shows that repair of ischemic mitral insufficiency in the presence of severe left ventricular dysfunction can be performed with good results, and is preferable to mitral valve replacement. Late follow-up showed significant symptomatic improvement.

Development of Molecular Tests for Rapid Detection of Enteropathogens 

Miri Yavzori, Nir Uriel, Nurith Porat, Ron Dagan, Ruhama Ambar, Ofer Shpilberg, Dani Cohen

Army Health Branch Research Unit, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces; Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba; and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Amplification of specific DNA sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enables rapid, sensitive and direct, specific identification of pathogens at very low concentrations in clinical samples. Studies in recent years have reported identification of several enteropathogens directly from stool samples by PCR. The amplification process includes the use of primers complementary to the DNA sequences specific to the pathogen, thus relying on the pathogen's genotype, rather than its phenotype on which identification by the methods of classical microbiology were based.

We have developed PCR protocols for the differential identification of enteropathogens resembling the normal flora (enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), E. coli O-157), Shigella spp, and the detection of enteropathogens that can not be grown on classic growth media (Norwalk virus). The amplification process is inhibited by several substrates present in fecal material (phenol, hemoglobin), limiting DNA extraction by phenol. The protocols we have developed for direct detection of Shigella spp and ETEC in stools circumvent inhibition of PCR by the use of a 4-hour pre-enrichment step in brain-heart infusion broth.

Rapid and accurate identification of enteropathogens is important for prompt and focused intervention to stop the chain of transmission in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in military and civilian populations.

Trends in Epidemiology of Hepatitis in the Israel Defense Forces 

Michael Gdalevich, David Gillis, Daniel Mimouni, Itamar Grotto, Ofer Shpilberg

Institute of Military Medicine, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces

During the 50's and 60's there were large scale epidemics of hepatitis A every 3-4 years in the Israel Defense Forces. During these epidemics the annual incidence exceeded 10/1000 soldiers at risk. There has been a highly significant decrease in rates during the past 30 years. The average annual incidence of clinically identified viral hepatitis A decreased from an average of 6/1000 during the 60's to 2.5/1000 during the 70's. The decrease coincided with the introduction in the 1970's of wide-scale post-exposure prophylaxis with immune serum globulin (ISG). The incidence was further significantly reduced to 0.5-1.0/1000 with the introduction of pre-exposure prophylaxis with ISG, starting in 1978 (p<0.001).

Other factors probably played a role in accelerating the decline in morbidity, such as improvement in personal hygiene and sanitation facilities, and in waste disposal and other aspects of military environmental health.

These improvements were probably more pronounced in the civilian sector, leading to decreased exposure of children to the virus and consequently a higher proportion of seronegatives at induction. Increase in the proportion of recruits without natural immunity to the virus poses greater risk, both in terms of personal morbidity as well as military operational ability. This risk, combined with problems of ISG use and availability, has propelled hepatitis A prevention policy towards the use of the new inactivated vaccines.

Non-Penetrating Deep Sclerectomy without Collagen Implantfor Glaucoma

Ben Zion Silverstone, Isaac Aizenman, Carmit Landau, Yaacov Rozenman

Ophthalmology Dept., Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem

Deep sclerectomy (DS) can be used in glaucoma with increased intraocular pressure when medical treatment fails. It involves removing part of the ocular drainage apparatus. Resistance to intraocular fluid drainage is decreased, improving drainage and decreasing intraocular pressure. By avoiding anterior chamber penetration, DS diminishes frequency of the complications of filtering surgery.

24 eyes of 23 patients underwent DS for primary or secondary open angle glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure not controlled medically. It included preparation of a 4.0 x 4.0 mm limbal-based external scleral flap, dissecting and removing most of an internal scleral flap (leaving it 1 mm smaller than the external flap), unroofing Schlemm's canal and removing fine endothelial tissue lining its inner walls. The external scleral flap was then repositioned and sutured. Collagen implants were not used. In some cases DS was combined with extracapsular cataract extraction and intra-ocular lens implantation.

Mean intraocular pressure decreased from 24.8‏3.9 mmHg initially to 12.8‏4.4 mmHg 6 months after operation (p<0.0001). There was no difference in postoperative intra-ocular pressure between DS as a single procedure or as part of a combined operation. Comations were mild and of short duration.

If long-term follow-up shows that lowered intraocular pressures are maintained, DS should be a surgical option in earlier stages of glaucoma.

Carbon Dioxide Gas Embolism during Laparascopic Cholecystectomy

Anat Laver-Segal, Miguel Iuchtman, Paltiel Weiner

Depts. of Anesthesiology, Surgery A and Medicine A, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera and Rappaport Medical School, The Technion, Haifa

A case of carbon dioxide gas embolism during laparascopic cholecystetomy is presented. Prompt diagnosis and immediate treatment resulted in positive outcome. Laparascopic cholecystectomy is nowadays one of the most common operations for cholecystectomy and certainly the most frequent endoscopic surgical procedure. It is usually safe and effective. However, a number of serious complications have been reported during the procedure.

Gas embolism is one of the complications that may occur during the initial gas insufflation or during dissection of the gall bladder. Symptoms are mainly related to the speed and the amount of gas that reaches the venous system. Early recognition and prompt treatment are required to prevent severe morbidity or even fatal outcome.

Transesophageal echocardiography has detected many unsuspected cases of gas embolism. However, capnograph monitoring of end-tidal CO₂, routinely used in everyday anesthesia, is highly reliable in alerting to the possibility of gas embolism and also in confirming its occurrence.

In cases of suspected gas embolism close collaboration between anesthetist and surgeon is required.

Nutrition for Women's Health

Dorit Nitzan Kaluski, Alex Levental

Dept. of Nutrition, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem

Biological, environmental and social factors predispose women to cardiovascular diseases, malignancy, osteoporosis, diabetes, obesity and eating disorders. Their prevention requires that health services recognize women as a risk group and provide appropriate financial and professional resources. To develop and apply intervention programs for women, funding must be allocated for data collection, development and assessment of intervention programs and involving women in decision processes. We address the diseases and conditions in which nutrition may contribute to primary or secondary prevention of the specified diseases.

Tension-Free Vaginal Tape: A New Surgical Treatment of Female Urinary Stress Incontinence

M. Neuman, B. Zuckerman, M. Zilberman, A. Farkash, U. Beller

Division of Gynecologic Surgery and Oncology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem

Female urinary stress incontinence diminishes the quality of life of about 5% of women. It is usually dealt with by surgery to correct the relaxed pelvic floor, the cause of the incontinence.

Tension-free vaginal tape is used in a newly described procedure. It consists of the vaginal introduction of a prolene needle-guided mid-urethral sling. The procedure is easy to perform under local anesthesia, recovery is rapid, and results are similar to those of other effective operations.

We report 44 patients who underwent this type of surgery. There were no significant complications. The early results were good and although the follow-up has been short, we believe that experience with this operation will play an important role in the treatment of urinary stress incontinence.

Malignant Nodular Hidradenoma (Sweat Gland Tumor)

Anat Engel, Yaron Bar-Dayan, Santiago Engelberg, Yair Levi

Depts. of Medicine B, Pathology, and Disease Research Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Malignanhidradenoma is a very rare tumor that originates from sweat glands. We present a 61-year-old man with an ulcerated tumor in his right flank, 4 cm in diameter, that was excised with a wide free margin. Histopathologic study showed an ill-defined, epithelial neoformation, formed by lobules of clear polygonal cells in the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue, diagnosed as malignant nodular hidradenoma.

1.5 years after excision there was enlargement of the right axillary and inguinal lymph nodes, which showed metastatic, adnexal neoplastic cells. Axillary resection and superficial dissection of the right inguinal nodes were performed. After 3 months the tumor had spread to other lymph nodes and acute obstructive renal failure required insertion of a pig-tail catheter into the right ureter. Radiotherapy was followed by chemo-therapy, but he died from end-stage metastatic disease in multi-organ failure.