תוצאת חיפוש

Surgical Repair of Myxomatous Mitral Valve

D. Bitran, O. Merin, I. Dzigivker, D.Rosenmann, S. Od-allah, S. Silberman

Depts. of Cardiothoracic Surgery and of Anesthesiology and Cardiology; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem

Myxomatous mitral valve disease is now the most common cause of mitral regurgitation in the western world. Repair of the leaking valve has become standard surgical procedure during the past 2 decades. Between 1993-1999 we performed 113 repairs of the mitral valve. In 25 patients the etiology was myxomatous degeneration (no mortality). Long-term clinical results depend on patients' functional class at surgery. Based on this fact, and the good surgical results, it is recommended to refer such patients even with severe mitral incompetence for surgery at an early stage, even if symptoms are minimal.

Screening for Early Detection of Prostatic Cancer

A. Neheman, Y. Shotland, Y. Metz, A. Stein

Dept. of Urology, Carmel Hospital, Lady Davis Medical Center, Haifa

Prostatic cancer (PC) is second only to lung cancer as a cause of cancer mortality in men word-wide. In Israel it is the most common cause of cancer mortality in men, after lung cancer and colo-rectal cancer.

We screened, for the first time in Israel, for prostatic cancer using serum levels of PSA and a digital rectal examination (DRE). The purpose was not only to diagnose PC but also to increase public awareness of the condition.

300 men in the Haifa area who met statistical criteria for early diagnosis of PC participated. They filled a questionnaire regarding risk factors for PC (age, family history (FH) of prostatic and breast cancer, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, previous PSA sampling) and were examined. Those who had out-of-ragne, age-related PSA values, or a pathologic DRE underwent trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) examination and guided biopsy of the prostate. Those with a positive biopsy for PC underwent radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy.

41 (14.3%) had out-of-range, age-related PSA levels and 10 (3.5%) had a pathologic DRE. 39 (13.3%) underwent TRUS and biopsy and 6 (2.04%) had clinically significant PC, all early stages (Gleason 4-6).

Correlation between age and PSA has been proven statistically significant (p<0.05). Symptoms of urinary tract obstruction and nocturia were related to a high PSA (p=0.035 and 0.002, respectively). Those with PC had at least 1 symptom of urinary tract obstruction; 6 (15.3%) who underwent TRUS and biopsy and a FH of prostate cancer. However, no subject with a FH of PC had biopsy-proven cancer. Those with PC had PSA values from 4.9 to 31.8 ng/ml (9.6 median). Age-related PSA had a positive predictive value of 17.1%.

Results of our annual screening for early detection of PC using age-related PSA, and DRE are encouraging: cases detected were clinically significant and treatable. It would appear that screening for PC will result in decreasing the incidence of metastatic cancer and therefore mortality. 
 

Prematurity: Interplay between Psychological and Biological Risk Factors Leading to Infant Psychopathology

Miri Keren, Galia Tyano, Leah Sirota

Community-based Infant Mental Health Unit, Geha Hospital; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Kibbutz Seminar, Ramat Aviv; Neonatal Intensive Care Nursery, Schneider Children's Hospital, Petah Tikva; and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Concepts such as risk factor, vulnerability, protective factor and resiliency have become central in the field of developmental psychopathology. The birth of a very-low-birth weight premature baby can be used as a paradigm of the interplay between these factors. Indeed, prematurity implies for both infant and parents, biological as well as psychological risk factors. They may interact in such a way that the child's emotional, cognitive and social development will deviate from normal. Understanding the psychological impact of premature birth includes reference to both the normal psychological processes that characterize pregnancy that are jeopardized by a premature, often traumatic delivery, and to the special significance of being a parent in the Special Care Nursery.

The contrast between the expected appearance of the baby and that of the sick-looking, tiny premature, together with uncertainty about its medical status, often affect the parents' bonding process. In addition, must learn quickly to cope with issues such as total dependence on a verybusy team, loss of control of the care of their baby, and their unclear roles as parents. Added to these risk factors are the specific neurobehavioral characteristics of premature babies, which often make it hard for parents to read their cues and respond to them properly.

A clinical vignette illustrates the chain of psychological and biological events that lead to severe disturbance of the early parent-child relationship. It also brings up the question of psychosocial intervention in the Special Care Nursery, both in terms of early detection of families at risk and the types of intervention.

The Zavanelli Maneuver - Back to the Womb

R. Geist, Y. Yekel, B. Abramov, S. Grisaru, A. Samueloff

Obstetrics and Gynecology Dept., Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem

The Zavanelli maneuver is the manual replacement of a partially-born fetus due to severe shoulder dystocia. It is described in obstetrical textbooks as being among the last to be tried in a series of maneuvers to rescue the fetus with severe shoulder dystocia, as it is considered a very difficult and heroic maneuver. Few obstetricians have seen it and fewer have done it themselves. It is even more rare when a single obstetrician has done the Zavanelli maneuver repeatedly. Therefore, both experienced obstetricians and certainly young residents are fearful when they have to use this maneuver and can lose control in cases of shoulder dystocia.

We have found descriptions of 93 cases of use of the Zavanelli maneuver in vertex presentations. We also describe a recent case in our experience. We conclude that this maneuver is safe and not too difficult to perform even without previous experience. Fetal and maternal complications are few, but there is of course a bias against reporting bad results.

We recommend that every obstetrician become familiar with this maneuver so as to feel sure that it is safe for him to use in severe cases of shoulder dystocia.

Juridical and Halachic Aspects of Postmortem Sperm Procurement

Ya'akov Ariel, Moshe Vermout, Pnina Abramovitz-Shneider, Avinoam Shuper

Institute of Halachic and Ethical Aspects of Medicine, Ramat Gan

The ability to fertilize human ova with sperm retrieved soon after death has been utilized in Israel and in other countries. However, postmortem sperm procurement (PMSP) has significant Halachic, juridical and ethical implications with regard to both the action of sperm and its implications for mother and offspring. In specific situations, and with reliable supervision aimed at preventing sperm interchange, Halacha may allow the procedure, while the juridical approach in such a situation is not as yet well established.

As for Halacha, even if a son is born, the widowed mother will still be obligated by the Halacha of yibum (marrying the deceased husband's brother). The child's rights as heir, aspects of implications for its future life, or even social aspects of PMSP, all are factors to be seriously considered before PMSP is performed, without bias by temporary emotions. Thus, PMSP should be reserved for only very special circumstances, and only after consultation with the appropriate medical, Halachic, juridical and ethical experts.

Dermatitis from Contact with Agave Americana

Haim Golan, Marina Landau, Ilan Goldberg, Sara Brenner

Dermatology Dept., Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center

Various plants induce dermatitis in man. There have been only a few published cases of contact dermatitis caused by Agave americana (AA).

We report intentional exposure to AA in a soldier seeking sick leave, and review our previously reported cases. Treatment with oral antihistamines and topical saline compresses resulted in subsidence of the systemic symptoms within 24h and regression of cutaneous manifestations in 7-10 days.

Physicians should be alert to the possibility of self-inflicted contact dermatitis induced by exposure to plants, especially to A. americana. Systemic signs may accompany the cutaneous lesions.

Preservation of the Larynx in Advanced Cancer

Edward Rosenblatt, Nava Siegelmann-Danieli, Jemal Zidan, Nisim Haim, Abraham Kuten

Oncology Dept., Rambam Medical Center and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa

The effectiveness of sequential chemo-radiotherapy in preserving the larynx in advanced laryngeal carcinoma was assessed. 4 Unselected patients (19 men and 2 women, mean age 60 years) with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (T3-4/N0-3) received induction chemotherapy consisting of 2-3 cycles of cisplatin (100 mg/m²) and 5-flourouracil (1000 mg/m²/day) as a continuous infusion on days 1-5 followed by definitive radiotherapy: 50 Gy to the whole neck, 70 Gy to the larynx and clinically involved nodes, using a combination of 6 MV photons and 9-12 MeV electrons.

19 of The 21 patients responded to combined therapy but there was no response to induction therapy in 2 (10%) and 2 did not complete therapy due to severe toxicity. At a mean follow-up of 40 months, 7 had undergone total laryngectomy (33%), for an overall 5-year laryngeal preservation rate of 66%. Reasons for total laryngectomy in 2 patients were no response and in 5 tumor recurrence.

Mean survival was 39 months (range 11-46 months); at last follow-up 17 of 21 were alive and disease-free, 11 of whom had a functional larynx (65% of survivors). 2 died due to disease progression and 1 due to a cardiovascular event. Sequential chemo-radiation allows laryngeal preservation in about 2/3 of surviving patients without compromising survival.

Corneal Infection in Wearers of Contact Lenses

Y. Domniz, R. Avisar, H. Savir

Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin; and Hasharon Hospital, Petah Tikva

This is a 5-year retrospective survey of corneal infection in wearers of optical contact lenses (OCL). 23 of the 61 patients (38%; Hasharon Hospital) with positive cultures wore OCL. Visual acuity improved in 15 (65%), no change was noted in 4 (17.5%) and there was deterioration in 4 (17.5%), as compare with status on admission.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common cause of infections among OCL wearers. The improvement in visual acuity expected due to wearing OCL was affected by infections. After Staphylococcus albus infections had the highest rate (100%) of improvement in visual acuity and after Ps. aeruginosa the lowest rate (57.2%) of improvement, as well as the highest rate of deterioration (42.8%) found following recovery.

OCL wearers are at higher risk for damage to visual acuity following corneal infection, and highly virulent infections in OCL wearers are responsible for a high risk of damage to visual acuity.

Systemic Mastocytosis

K. Sade, I. Dotan, Y. Levo

Depts. of Pulmonary and Allergy Diseases and of Medicine T, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center

Mastocytosis has a highly variable clinical expression, and systemic mastocytosis is occasionally associated with a myeloproliferative or a myelodysplastic disorder. These patients often present without skin involvement and have a very poor prognosis. We report a 72-year-old man with this condition who had spells of flushing and dyspnea, myelo-fibrosis, and high serum and urine histamine levels.

Rational Use of Albumin 

Emanuel Sikuler, Aviel Shapira, Shlomo Mor-Yosef, Pnina Shlaeffer, Dafna Slovik, Madlen Brutin, Gabriel Gurman

Divisions of Medicine and Surgery, Hospital Administration, Quality Control Unit, Pharmacological Service, Nursing Service, and Division of Anesthesiology; Soroka Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

The use of albumin has been a matter of debate since its introduction in the 1940's. Albumin is not only expensive but may also be harmful when administered inappropriately. Until recently our use of albumin was controlled by a number of authorized physicians who signed all albumin prescriptions.

In August 1998, a multidisciplinary team reviewed the indications for albumin use and introduced simple guidelines for its supply and administration. As a result, the use of albumin has decreased by almost 70%. This indicates that rational use of albumin can be achieved by appropriate guidelines, without requiring administrative limitations. We believe that this conclusion holds true for other diagnostic and therapeutic procedures as well.

Diphtheria in a Highly Immunized Population 

Rivka Sheffer, Esther Marva, Rachel Mimon, Paul Slater, Avital Cohen, Tamat Shohat

Tel Aviv District Health Office, Central Laboratory and Epidemiology Dept., Public Health Services, Jerusalem

Although diphtheria vaccination is routine world-wide, outbreaks of the disease continue to occur in supposedly vaccinated populations. The incidence of diphtheria in Israel is very low, with only 3 cases reported in the past 24 years (all in unvaccinated children). In 2 of the 3 an asymptomatic carrier was identified among the patients' close contacts, presumable the source of the infection.

We describe a recent case of diphtheria. It is important for physicians to be aware of the possibility of diphtheria occurrimg despite the high rate of vaccination in our population.

Nutritional Status and Vitamin B⁶ Supplementation in the Institutionalized Elderly

Felicia Stern, Yitshal N. Berner, Zeev Polyak, Sophya Bernadiner, Margarita Komarnitsky, Ben Ami Sela, Ram Doolman, Yoseph Dror

Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Subacute Dept. and Clinical Nutrition, Hartzfeld Geriatric Hospital, Kaplan Medical Center, Gedera; and Institute of Chemical Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Nutritional status and vitamin B⁶ status were assessed in 18 men and 32 women, average age 84, living in a home for the aged. Average proportion of energy derived from protein was higher than the recommended; fiber intake was very low. Also low were intakes of calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, vitamins D and E, thiamin, folic acid and vitamin B⁶.

Supplementation with vitamin B⁶ (10mg/d) for 28 days in those with the lowest B⁶ status assessed by B⁶ intake, activation coefficient of aspartate transaminase and plasma pyridoxamine concentrations led to improved B⁶ status (marked decrease in activation coefficient) and increased synthesis and decreased degradation of many short-lived neutrophil proteins. Though our elderly enjoy a variety of foods, some have marginal deficiencies that can be improved. Therefore, in the institutionalized elderly, micronutrient supplementation should be administered at a level low enough to be safe (below recommended upper level of intake) but high enough to be effective.

Noncontrast Spiral CT for Diagnosis of Acute Flank Pain

Alexander Tzivian, Igor Sherman, Yacov Yacobi,  Surin Elias, Ami Sidi, Jack Asherov

Depts. of Urology, Emergency Medicine, and of Radiology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon

Acute flank pain is commonly encountered in the emergency department, and often requires imaging to establish its cause. For decades intravenous urography and sonography have been the primary media for evaluating flank pain.

Recently, noncontrast spiral CT (NCSCT) has been shown to be accurate and highly successful in diagnosing cause in such cases. We evaluated its use in the diagnosis of acute flank pain. During a 7-month period, 147 such cases had NCSCT imaging immediately after initial evaluation in the emergency department. Using a spiral CT scan without oral or IV contrast media, 109 of 147 cases were found to have ureteral stones, and 34 others to have other urological conditions unrelated to the cause of pain; 38 CT scans were negative for ureterolithiasis and in 14 non-urological disease was diagnosed.

NCSCT is a valuable diagnostic technique for patients in the emergency department with flank pain. It rapidly and accurately detects ureteral stones causing renal colic and also detects extra-urinary causes of acute flank pain.

What Primary Care Physicians Think of Israel's Health Policy Reform

Revital Gross, Hava Tabenkin, Shuli Brammli-Greenberg

JDC Brookdale Institute, Jerusalem, HaEmek Hospital, Afula; and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

Opinions of the National Health Insurance (NHI) Law held by primary care physicians were surveyed. A questionnaire was submitted (April-July 1997) to 930 primary care physicians employed by sick funds, including general practitioners, family physicians, pediatricians and internists. Response rate was 86%.

They supported the main components of the NHI law. It was considered desirable "to a great" or "very great extent" to allocate funds to sick funds based on age and number of members (76%), to require them to accept all applicants (72%), to designate a uniform basket of services (65%), to allow members to transfer freely between funds (63%), and to allow sick funds to sell supplemental insurance (59%). However, only 41% were satisfied with the implementation of the law.

Multivariate analysis showed that employment by Maccabi, Meuhedet, or Leumit sick funds had an independent effect on low satisfaction with the law as implemented, and on negative opinions about the uniform basket of services, the accepting of all applicants, and allocation of funding based on age and number of members. Those employed by the Maccabi and Meuhedet funds were in favor of allowing sick funds to sell supplemental insurance.

The findings of the study have implications for policy-makers interested in increasing support for national health reform by physicians. It is important to examine possibilities of developing direct channels of communication between national policy-makers and physicians, as well as institutionalizing mechanisms that involve physicians directly in formulation of national policy.

Drug Abuse among Patients Requiring Psychiatric Hospitalization 

Gregory Katz, Emi Shufman, Haim Y. Knobler, Mark Joffe, Rachel Bar-Hamburger, Rimona Durst

Kfar Shaul Mental Health Center, (Affiliated with the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem); and Jerusalem Institute for Treatment of Substance Abuse, Israel Antidrug Authority

We assessed the incidence of drug abuse among patients requiring psychiatric hospitalization, and characterized the population at risk. The data on drug abuse were obtained from self-reports and urine tests in 103 patients, aged 18-65, hospitalized in the Kfar Shaul Psychiatric Hospital (autumn 1998).

There was close correspondence between the self-reports and the results obtained from urine tests. 1/3 admitted to having used illegal drugs and signs of drug abuse were found in about 1/4 of the urine tests. The most prevalent drugs were cannabis products (hashish and/or marijuana) and in 15 patients opiates.

Drug users were younger than non-users. With regard to psychiatric symptomatology, fewer negative symptoms were recorded among cannabis abusers with schizophrenia, compared to schizophrenic patients with no history, past or present, of cannabis abuse.

The present findings confirm the clinical impression that there has been an increase in drug abuse among mental patients, parallel to that found in society at large. Confirmatory surveys are necessary. Our findings clearly suggest that a change in attitude has occurred in Israel to what has been considered a marginal problem. Hospitalized mentally-ill patients, the younger in particular, should be considered at risk for drug abuse.