תוצאת חיפוש

Identification of Sentinel and Axillary Node Involvement in Breast Cancer

M.Z. Papa, D. Bersuk, M. Koler, E. Klein, M. Sareli, G. Ben-Ari

Dept. of Surgical Oncology and Breast Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Axillary node dissection for breast cancer is important for staging and prognosis. "Sentinel nodes" are the first nodes into which primary cancer drains. Identification, removal and pathological examination of those nodes indicates whether completion of axillary lymphadenectomy is required. The sentinel nodes are identified using a vital dye injected at the primary tumor site. With this technique we were able to identify sentinel nodes in 46 of 48 (95%) women examined. An average of 2.7‏1.2 nodes were identified as sentinel nodes. In 81% of cases there was a correlation between involvement of sentinel nodes and of other axillary nodes as well. In 10% of patients sentinel nodes were involved with tumor while other axillary nodes were negative. The major problem in routine application of this is relationship in surgical decisions is reliable real time pathological identification of lymph node involvement by tumor.

Analgesia in Breast Surgery with Interpleural Bupivacaine

Z. Crystal, Y. Katz

Dept. of Anesthesiology, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula and B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa

A control group of 15 patients undergoing breast surgery was given general anesthesia. In 15 other patients an interpleural block with 0.4 ml/kg bupivacaine, 0.5%, was performed 20 minutes before induction of general anesthesia for pre-emptive analgesia. This was extended further by continuous administration of bupivacaine 0.25%, 0.125 ml/kg/hr by automatic infusion pump, with supplements of opiates for postoperative pain management. The combined technique was associated with significantly reduced perioperative opiate requirement with better emergence from anesthesia, fewer side effects, a prolonged pain-free period, and overall better quality of postoperative recovery.

Choanal Atresia: 13 Years of Experience

U. Cinamon, J. Kronenberg

Depts. of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Choanal atresia is uncommon and consists of congenital blockage between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx. The anomaly presents either immediately after birth as respiratory distress, or as a coincidental finding at an older age. Treatment is usually surgical. The approaches are transnasal, transseptal, transpalatal and transantral. Different types of stents are used and for various periods after each type of correction. Between 1983-1996, 20 patients with choanal atresia were operated on, in 12 of whom it was bilateral. The youngest was 3 days old and the oldest 22 years (average 6 years). The 20 patients underwent a total of 29 operations of which all were transnasal except for 2 corrected through a transseptal approach; 3 had their primary operation elsewhere. In all cases the atresia was bony or combined bony and membranous, except for 2 in whom there was combined atresia on 1 side and membranous on the other. The success rate was 75% in those first operated on here, in whom stents were employed. In our last 5 cases we used the endonasal approach and a rigid endoscope, a safe technique that has the advantage of direct unobscured vision.

Fear of Personal Death among Hospital Physicians

Y. Hamama-Raz, Z. Solomon, A. Ohry

School of Social Work and Dept. of Neuro-Rehabilitation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer (Both affiliated with Tel Aviv University)

Many studies have tried to explain why professionals experience difficulty when dealing with, and in treating efficiently situations connected with death. We studied levels of personal fear among physicians in general hospitals and addressed 2 questions: Does exposure to death on professional and personal levels, affect the level of the fear of personal death which physicians experience? Is there a relationship between personality variables, represented by the repression-sensitization dimension, and level of fear of personal death? A sample of 233 physicians from 22 general hospitals who specialized in oncology, internal medicine, surgery, psychiatry or pediatrics was studied. Each answered 4 questionnaires with regard to demographic information, fear of personal death, level of repression-sensitization and exposure to the death of relatives and significant others. There were no differences in level of fear of personal death of physicians according to specialization, but those who had been exposed to death on the personal level, feared less their own death. With respect to the personality variable, tendency to sensitization, it was found that those who were sensitized exhibited a higher level of the fear of their own death compared to those who were repressive. Of the various demographic variables examined (sex, level of religiouobservance, age, number of children, health, professional experience) it was found that those: with many years of professional experience, who were relatively older, who were nonobservant religiously and who were in good health, had lower levels of personal fear of death; gender was not a factor.

Kleptomania: Phenomenological, Clinical and Legal Aspects

R. Durst, G. Katz, K. Jabotinsky-Rubin, H.Y. Knobler

Kfar Shaul Mental Health Center, Jerusalem

Kleptomania is currently classified in psychiatric nomenclature as one of the impulse control disorders (DSM-IV, 1994). It is characterized by repeated failure to resist impulses to steal objects, not for personal use or monetary gain. The objects are therefore discarded, given away, or hoarded (ICD-10, 1992). This disorder is known since the early 18th century from the phenomenological and clinical viewpoints, yet is still debated with regard to therapeutic strategies and criminal liability. Although there are usually complications associated with the legal consequences of being caught and arrested, subjects continue to violate the law despite repeated arrests and convictions. In a 28-year old man suffering from kleptomania, years of psychodynamic psychotherapy were ineffective. Only when he was treated as suffering from an impulse control disorder or a variant of obsessive-compulsive disorder, was there significant improvement. The positive response to buspirone (5-HT1A) augmentation of fluvoxamine (SSRI) suggested that disturbed central serotonergic neurotransmission might play an important role in the pathogenesis of kleptomania. This concept is strengthened by the comorbidity of the syndrome with depression and by its compulsive traits. We stress that although kleptomaniacs cannot differentiate between right and wrong, testing shows that their sense of reality is intact, but they act under the influence of drives they cannot resist.

Fish Spine Infection

Alexander Nudelman, Gordon Edelson, Amos Linden, Raoul Raz

Orthopedic Dept., Poriya Hospital and Dept. of Infections Diseases, HaEmek Hospital, Afula

Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative bacterium living in warm salty water that produces a spectrum of human disease which may progress to devastating, sometimes fatal infections in susceptible individuals. Such infections have rarely been reported in Israel. However, over the past few months we have been seeing a sharp increase in V. vulnificus infections with a common history of injury to extremities by the sharp spines of Tilapia zillii, ("amnon" or St. Peter's fish). Clinical suspicion and prompt intervention prevent the untoward consequences of misdiagnosis or delay.

Fatal Multiple Organ System Dysfunction Associated with Germanium Metal

Micha Shamir, Charles L. Sprung

Dept. of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah--University Hospital and Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem

The element germanium is widely distributed in nature. It is used in industry as a semiconductor and there have been a few attempts to use it in medicine. In the past few years 20 patients have been described in the literature as suffering from germanium overdosage. Like laboratory animals affected by the element, they suffer from renal failure and injury to other organs. We describe a 52-year old man given germanium to prevent recurrence of a brain tumor. He developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and died of intractable hyperdynamic shock. We call for caution regarding morbidity resulting from treatments believed safe.

Traumatic Hyphema*

Tamar Talmon, Itzchak Beiran, Benjamin Miller

Dept. of Ophthalmology, Rambam Medical Center and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa

Traumatic hyphema usually occurs in young men at the rate of 17-20/1000,000. Major complications include secondary hemorrhage, glaucoma, corneal staining and disturbances in visual acuity. Final visual acuity is predominantly the outcome of all the ocular injuries occurring during the trauma, mainly to the posterior segment of the eye. We describe all cases of traumatic hyphema treated in our department over a period of 3.5 years. Antifibrinolytic treatment is recommended in the literature in traumatic hyphema to prevent secondary hemorrhage. Our findings differ from those in the literature in that they show a lower prevalence of more severe hemorrhages and of secondary hemorrhage. In light of these differences, and with regard to possible side effects of such treatment, we suggest that antifibrinolytic treatment not be used in our population. We recommend that treatment for traumatic hyphema should include restricted activity, local corticosteroidal preparations, frequent follow-up visits and vigorous diagnostic work-up in order to find any additional eye damage. We strongly recommend the use of preventive measures (eye-shields) in high risk activities such as sports, house-hold work and military training.

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* Based on work submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, by Tamar Talmon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the MD degree.

Brain Imaging and its Clinical Application in Psychiatry

Talma Hendler, Raz Gross, Elinor Goshen, Meir Faibel, Shmuel Hirshmann, Tzila S. Zwass, Leon Grunhaus, Joseph Zohar

Psychiatry Unit, Nuclear Medicine Institute and Diagnostic Radiology Dept., Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

The common structural and functional brain imaging techniques are described from a practical, clinical point of view. The clinical indications for brain imaging in psychiatry are reviewed in relation to the specific limitations and advantages of each technique. The clinical applications of computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) are discussed in relation to the differential diagnosis between organic and functional psychiatric disorders. In a 55-year-old man with late onset of behavioral changes but without neurological signs the application of structural brain imaging (CT and MRI) in case management was demonstrated. The imaging findings involved the differential diagnosis between depression and focal brain lesions. In a 38-year-old man with personality changes and depression following a traumatic brain injury, time interval repeated functional brain imaging (SPECT) was used. Brain imaging reflected improvement in clinical status following treatment and was able to differentiate between reversible and permanent traumatic brain injuries. The superior yield of time interval repeated functional imaging in diagnosis and management of postconcussion syndrome is discussed.

Orthopedic Ward Policy in Introduction of New Types of Total Hip Implants

U. Givon, M.I. Siebzhener, M. Salai, A. Chechick, H. Horoszowski, J. Shemer

Orthopedic Staff, Medical Technology Unit, Medical Dept. F, and Gertner Institute for Study of Health Services, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

The use of different types of total hip implants in medical centers in Israel was surveyed. Questionnaires were sent to all orthopedic ward directors in Israel requesting information on the number of total hip arthroplasties performed between the years 1984-1993, the types of implants used, and whether attending physicians or residents perform the operations. 22 of 24 orthopedic wards responded but 1 ward was excluded because only the results for 1993 were reported. 5 wards reported more and 16 fewer than 50 operations a year. 15 different types of implants were in use in Israel in that period, and in 5 wards 5 or more types of implants were used. Only 1 of the wards performed more than 50 operations a year. We conclude that the indiscriminate use of multiple technologies in wards performing few operations can lead to the long "learning curves" previously associated with poor results. Orthopedic surgeons should resist the impulse to introduce new implants, thus improving results and lowering expenditure. The need for regulating the introduction of new implants is emphasized.

Consanguinity among Arabs in Israel

Lutfi Jaber, Orli Romano, Mordechai Shohat

Bridge to Peace Community, Taiba Pediatric Center; Schneider Children's Medical Center (Beilinson Campus), Petah Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

In a previous nationwide study, we examined the rate of consanguineous matings in the Israeli Arab community. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.0192, much higher than that reported for the general population of Israel, 0.0038 in 1956-7. The inbreeding coefficients of 69 Arab villages, towns and cities (excluding the Bedouin in the South) were determined. Knowledge of the inbreeding coefficients of the various local populations is of value for geneticists, pediatricians and gynecologists and for planning suitable health programs.

Stromal Uterine Sarcoma arising from Intestinal Endometriosis after Abdominal Hysterectomy and Salpingoophorectomy

Munir Bishara, Eitan Scapa

Institute of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin (Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University)

The incidence of ectopic endometriosis is 4% to 18%. The intestinal type is quite common with the rectosigmoid the most likely part of the bowel to be involved due to its pelvic location. A 43-year-old woman, whose symptoms, X-ray and endoscopic findings suggested malignancy of the rectosigmoid, is presented. Primary malignancy of the bowel was excluded by endoscopic biopsies. Histological examination at operation showed stromal sarcoma of the uterus with foci of endometriosis. There is no report in the English literature of transformation of intestinal endometriosis into malignancy, such as stromal sarcoma of the uterus, which imitates a primary malignancy with obstruction of the rectosigmoid.

Blunt Trauma causing Emboli from Friable Atherosclerotic Plaques

Selma Moses, Michael Motro, Yehuda Shoenfeld

Medical Dept. B and Cardiac Rehabilitation Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

We present a 55-year-old woman who developed a shower of emboli following a car accident. Such events may have medicolegal implications as well as preventive considerations.

Combined Treatment for Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder

Ofer Levy, Ehud Rath, Dan Atar

Orthopedic Dept., Soroka Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

Adhesive capsulitis is a problem for the orthopedic surgeon due to the difficulty of treatment. Although it is self-limited, few patients will wait for spontaneous resolutions while suffering pain and progressive loss of motion. Our aim was to modify the course of the disease and to shorten recovery time by combining intensive physiotherapy with intra-articular infiltration and gentle manipulation. 49 patients with 50 frozen shoulders were enrolled in the study. All patients were treated initially with physiotherapy for 4-8 weeks. If no improvement was noted the affected shoulder was infiltrated and gently manipulated. 27 of 49 patients (55%) improved dramatically with the initial physiotherapy regimen. They achieved full or nearly full range of motion, with significant relief of pain. 22 patients were infiltrated and manipulated. Elevation improved significantly from an average of 110.95 to 165.71 degrees (p<0.001), external rotation from an average of 9.52 to 43.57 degrees (p<0.001) and internal rotation also improved significantly (p<0.001). Self assisted physiotherapy is the corner stone of treatment in adhesive capsulitis. When pain and limitaof passive range of motion persist, infiltration and gentle manipulation dramatically shortens the debilitating process.

Macroenzymes: an Interesting Laboratory Finding, without Clinical Relevance

C. Perry, H. Peretz, E. Graf, O. Ben-Tal, A. Eldor

Hematology Dept. and Biochemistry Laboratory, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Macroenzymes are complexes of serum enzymes with proteins which have a higher molecular weight and longer plasma half-life than the normal enzyme. The presence of macroenzymes is suggested by finding increased serum enzyme activity, not associated with symptoms. Thus, macroenzymes can cause diagnostic errors and the performance of unnecessary tests or invasive procedures. We describe 2 patients with highly elevated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) due to formation of complexes with immunoglobulin G. 1 patient had LDH of 4500 u/L but was otherwise normal and in the second CK was elevated with no evidence of ischemic heart disease. Awareness of the phenomenon of macroenzymes may save the patient long and sometimes invasive investigation.