תוצאת חיפוש

Art Therapy for Hospitalized Children (Inspired by Elizabeth Kuebler-Ross's Approach)

Edna Pinchover*

Pediatric Wards School, Hadassah Hospital (Ein Karem and Mt. Scopus), Jerusalem

This paper presents a combined strategy for coping with the emotional condition of hospitalized children, and reports the results of its implementation in pediatric wards. The strategy combines art therapy methods with the spiritual-psychological approach developed by Elizabeth Kuebler-Ross. Art therapy uses art for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes; in this study it was employed to encourage the child-patients to express their feelings, and lead them to processes of understanding of and adjustment to their conditions. Kuebler-Ross' methods, known for dealing with difficult emotional situations at the bedside of the seriously ill, were enlisted to build a relationship of trust and respect between patient and therapist.

The population dealt with consisted of children (age 3-13) injured in road accidents, and cardiac and oncological cases. 7 case studies are brought to demonstrate the integrated therapeutic process. The process starts from the child-patient's artwork, which allows the therapist better insight into emotional conditions and to relate closely to issues brought up by the work. Through conversation with the therapist in an atmosphere of empathy and honest consideration, the patient becomes aware of her/his reactions, behavior, intentions and ambitions.

The belief underlying this study is that the patient derives from these contacts new abilities which moderate anxieties and strengthen healthy energies. Better collaboration and sounder ways of coping with intrusive medical treatment, as well as more trust and hope seem to emerge from the relationships created by these contacts.

* Principal of School.

Purpura - an Unusual Presentation of Takayasu Arteritis

N. Reichman, N. Kaufman, R. Mader, E. Flatau

Dept. of Medicine B and Rheumatic Disease Unit, HaEmek Hospital, Afula and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Haifa

Takayasu arteritis is an uncommon vasculitis, often referred to as aortic arch syndrome. It is most prevalent in young women. Physical findings such as the combination of pulseless arms and carotid bruits suggest the diagnosis. Associated skin manifestations such as pyoderma gangrenosum and erythema nodosum have been described. We present a 27-year-old woman with diffuse purpuric eruption and Takayasu arteritis. This appears to be the first description of such an association.

Treating Mother and Baby in Conjoint Hospitalization in a Psychiatric Hospital

Shmuel Maizel, Vladislav Fainstein, Sarah K. Katzenelson

Dept. B, Eitanim Mental Health Center, Jerusalem

Since 1990 we have been admitting mothers with postpartum psychiatric morbidity together with their babies to our open psychiatric ward. The aim of conjoint hospitalization is to maintain and develop the bond between mother and baby while treating the mother's psychiatric disorder. The presence of the infant in the hospital allows both a thorough evaluation of the mothers' maternal ability and to use the infant as a facilitator of the mothers' recovery by engaging maternal functions. It prevents the infants from being placed in a foster home for the duration of the mothers' hospitalization. Readily available in Britain and Australia, such conjoint hospitalization is controversial and rarely available elsewhere. In the past 5 years we hospitalized 10 women with 11 babies (1 woman was hospitalized twice, after different births). All women had received psychiatric treatment prior to childbirth, but this was the first psychiatric hospitalization for 2 of them. Diagnoses (DSM-IIIR) were chronic paranoid schizophrenia (4), disorder (4), schizo-affective schizophrenia (1) and borderline disorder (1). 8 were suffering from active psychotic symptoms on admission. They were treated pharmacologically, received individual and group psychotherapy, and participated in all ward activities. Families were engaged in marital, family and/or individual therapy according to need. All participated in cognitive-behavior treatment tailored to individual need to build and enrich the mother-infant bond. All improved significantly and were able to function independently on discharge, but in 1 case adoption was recommended.

Characteristics of Israeli Primary Health Care Physicians who Treat Depression

Jonathan Rabinowitz, Dina Feldman, Revital Gross, Wienka Boerma

Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan; Israel Ministry of Health; JDC-Brookdale Institute, Jerusalem; and Netherlands Institute of Primary Health Care (NIVEL)

Primary health care physicians have a pivotal role in treating mental health problems. We determined the proportion of primary care physicians in Israel who treat depression and their characteristics. The study was based on a stratified national random sample of primary care physicians (n677, response rate 78%). From these physicians' reports 22% always treat depression, 36.6% usually, 28.6% sometimes, and 12.6% never. Based on a logistic regression model the physicians who always or usually treated depression were distinguished from the other physicians by their treating more medical conditions on their own, seeing themselves as having more first contact for psychosocial problems, having frequent contact with social workers and specializing in family medicine. Primary health care physicians play a major role in treating depression on their own. This raises new questions about how they treat depression themselves, and under what circumstances they treat or refer to a specialist.

Trisomy 18 Anomalies on Sonography and Calculated Risk of Chromosomal Abnormalities During First Trimester

Ron Maymon, Arie Herman, Eli Dreazen, Mati Glasner, Zvi Weinraub

Ultrasound Unit, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zrifin, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; and Women's Health Center, Kupat Holim, Holon Branch, Tel Aviv-Jaffa District

Trisomy 18 is a chromosomal disorder giving multiple anomalies. Its frequency depends on maternal age. We report a 28-year-old woman in her first pregnancy, who underwent first trimester scanning for screening. Due to increased nuchal translucency and exomphalos, chorionic villous sampling was performed. Cytogenetic diagnosis was trisomy 18 and termination of pregnancy was carried out immediately.

Epidemiology of Invasive Hemophilus Influenzae B Infections in Bedouins and Jews; Conjugate Hib Vaccines

Limor Gortzak-Uzan*, Drora Fraser, Ron Dagan

Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit and Dept. of Epidemiology, Soroka Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

From 1989 to 1996, 139 cases of invasive Hemophilus influenzae B (Hib) infections were identified in children in the Negev, 110 of which occurred before introduction of the conjugate vaccine (1989-92). At that time there were 60.5 cases of Hib per 100,000 in the Negev among children under 5 years of age. During 1995-1996, when Hib conjugate vaccine was part of the regular immunization program, Hib decreased to 6.5 cases per 100,000 in that age group. The effectiveness of PRP-OMP vaccine was 96.5% among Jews and 89% among Bedouins, and the efficacy of the immunization program was 99.99%. This degree of success exceeded all expectations based on the literature. During the whole study period, Hib infections were more frequent among Bedouins than Jews. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of Hib among Jews in the Negev before and after the vaccine was introduced. Hib among Bedouins in the Negev was significantly more frequent than in the Israeli population as a whole before the vaccine was introduced. That gap narrowed after the vaccine was introduced because of the decrease in morbidity among the 2 groups.

* Medical student.

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Azoospermia in Prediction of Spermatogenic Patterns

David B. Weiss, Shoshana Gottschalk-Sabag, Zvi Zukerman, Elchanan Bar-On, Zvi Kahana

Kupat Holim Me'uhedet; and Dept. of Pathology and Cytology and Male Infertility Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem; Andrology Unit, Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson Campus), Petah Tikva; and Paper Research Consultant Institute, Jerusalem

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is considered to be the most important plasma hormone correlated with spermatogenesis. Elevated FSH plasma levels were shown to be associated with complete damage to testicular seminiferous tubule germinal epithelium. Recently, there have been conflicting reports with regard to the value of FSH plasma levels in predicting seminiferous tubule histology in the azoospermic patient and hence, as a guide for therapy in assisted reproduction using testicular sperm retrieval. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether FSH plasma levels can predict spermatogenic pattern in the testes of the azoospermic infertile patient. 69 infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia and 18 with very severe oligospermia were studied. In all, plasma levels of testosterone, free testosterone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were measured by enzyme immunoassay. In the azoospermic patients the seminiferous tubule spermatogenic pattern was determined in testicular aspirates obtained by multiple fine needle aspiration and categorized according to the most mature spermatogenic cell type in the aspirates: Sertoli cells only, spermatogenic maturation arrest or full spermatogenesis. There were no significant differences in plasma levels of any hormone measured except in very severely oligospermic and azoospermic patients. Both normal and elevated levels were detected in all, regardless of seminiferous tubule cytological pattern or plasma FSH in azoospermic patients. It is concluded that plasma levels of FSH can not be used as a predictive parameter, neither for the presence of spermatozoa nor for any other seminiferous tubule cytological pattern in azoospermic infertile men. They cannot serve as guides for selection of azoospermic men for trials of testicular sperm retrieval in assisted reproduction.

Botulinum Toxin Injection Effective for Post-Peripheral Facial Nerve Palsy Synkinesis

Samih Badarny, Nir Giladi, Silvia Honigman

Dept. of Neurology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa; and Movement Disorders Unit, Dept. of Neurology, Tel Aviv Medical Center

Facial synkinesis is an involuntary activation of muscles innervated by the zygomatic or mandibular branche of the facial nerve in conjunction with voluntary activation of the other branch. It appears frequently after recovery from peripheral facial nerve paralysis. We report 10 patients with facial synkinesis following Bell's palsy with a mean duration of synkinesis of 7±4 years before treatment with periorbital injections of Botulinum toxin type A. 9 had marked subjective and objective improvement starting a few days after injection andlasting 4-9 months. The results suggest a useful treatment option for post-Bell's palsy facsynkinesis with Botulinum toxin type A.

Pheochromocytoma Multi-Organ Crisis: Nonseptic Hyperthermia and Shock

Michael Y. Shapira, Elena Zuckerman, Taufic Zuebi, Oded Jurim

Divisions of Medicine and Surgery, Hadassah-University Hospital; Geriatrics Dept.; Herzog Hospital, Jerusalem; and Dept. of Medicine, Yoseftal Hospital, Eilat

Pheochromocytoma usually presents with nonspecific symptoms such as headache, palpitation, chest pain and hypertension. We present a 48-year-old woman hospitalized due to a pheochromocytoma multi-organ crisis (PMC). It consists of a tetrad of symptoms: multi-organ failure, hyperthermia, encephalopathy and unstable blood pressure. Distinguishing PMC from septic shock may be difficult, and requires needs a high clinical index of suspicion.

Attitudes of Family Physicians to Alternative Medicine

Amiram Sarel, Jef Borkan, Ralph L. Carasso, Judith Bernstein, Uri Rozovsky

Brull-Tel Aviv Community Mental Health Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba; and Dept. of Neurology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera

80 Israeli family physicians (51.25% men and 48.75% women) participated in a telephone survey concerning attitudes, practices and experience with alternative medicine. 23.75% reported practicing 1 or more alternative techniques, most commonly acupuncture28%) and hypnotherapy (24%). 55% had referred at least 1 patient to an alternative practitioner during the preceding month. Physicians who studied in Israel or Western countries referred more patients than graduates of medical schools of Eastern Europe. Specialists referred patients more often than residents. The most common reason for referral was back pain.

Trichobezoars

M. Barzilai, N. Peled, M. Soudack, L. Siplovich

Carmel and Rambam Medical Centers, Haifa and Afula Medical Center 

Trichobezoars are accumulations of hair casts in the stomach associated with trichophagia. The typical patient is an adolescent female who presents with alopecia and an upper abdominal mass which on moving can cause intermittent gastric outlet obstruction. Only a minority of patients have severe psychiatric disorders. When hair strands extend from the main mass in the stomach, all along the small bowel and reaching the cecum, the condition is termed the Rapunzel syndrome. In about 5% of patients there are separate hair masses in the stomach. The clinical presentation includes abdominal pain, loss of appetite, weight-loss, vomiting, loose stools, pancreatitis, jaundice, anemia and hypoalbuminemia. These signs and symptoms raise the suspicion of malignancy. Complications of bezoars include ulcers, perforation of the bowel, obstruction and intussusception. Diagnosis can be established either by barium swallow or by CT scan. Ultrasound might suggest the diagnosis, but sonographic features are definitely not pathognomonic. Treatment is surgical, as endoscopic removal is usually unsuccessful. We present 2 children in whom trichobezoars were found.

Background Music in the Family Physician's Surgery: Patient Reactions

S. Zalewsky, S. Vinker, I. Fiada, D. Libon, E. Kitai

Family Medicine Clinics and Dept. of Family Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Music is a universal language, and its effects on pain relief and stress reduction are well known. We evaluated patients' opinions of the effects of background music in their family doctors' surgery. Low volume, background, classical music was played in the doctors' surgery on 5 consecutive clinic days. All patients were asked to fill a short anonymous questionnaire on leaving. Among the 135 consecutive patients offered the questionnaire, there was 87.4% compliance. Among the 118 who completed the questionnaire, 95% said that the background music did not disturb them, 89% thought it made them feel better and 80% thought that it aided the doctor's performance. We conclude that low volume, background music in the doctors's surgery may contribute to better doctor-patient interaction, although larger studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Urgent, Unscheduled Self-Referrals by Ambulatory Patients

S. Vinker, S. Nakar, Z. Alon, H. Abu-Amar, G. Sadovsky, E. Hyam

General Sick Fund, Central District and Dept. of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Direct self-referral to a consultant is common in the Israeli health system. Yet patients' reasons for their urgent, unscheduled self-referrals for ambulatory consultations (UUSR) have not been explored. We studied such consultations in an urban multi-disciplinary consultation center serving a population of approximately 100,000. Over a 3-month period such consultations in ophthalmology, ear-nose-and-throat and dermatology clinics were treated by a duty family physician (FP). The FP was instructed to focus on the urgent complaint and either to give definitive treatment and schedule a consultation when needed, or refer the patient for immediate specialist consultation. Patients treated by the FP were asked to fill an anonymous questionnaire, which 347/645 (55.4%) did.

Among the reasons for UUSR were that the patient thought that his/her complaints should be treated by a consultant (29%), the patient was sent by the FP without a consultation note (13.9%), the FP was not available (10.4%), or the patient wished to see the consultant for a second opinion (8.2%). In only 7.8% had the patient noted that his complaint needed urgent consultation. Duration of complaints, but not prior efforts to schedule a consultation, were associated with different reasons for asking for an UUSR. For various reasons patients preferred an UUSR rather than seeing their own FP. Patients' opinions regarding self-referrals are important in planning primary care facilities and FP training.

Abnormal Liver Function Tests in the Primary Care Setting

Shlomo Vinker, Sasson Nakar, Emanuel Nir, Eitan Hyam, Michael A. Weingarten

Dept. of Family Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; and General Sick Fund, Central District

Results of laboratory tests ordered during a primary care encounter may reveal findings of abnormal liver function tests, including elevated liver enzymes, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia or abnormal coagulation tests. The object of this study was to describe the spectrum of these liver function test (LFT) abnormalities in primary care.

Results of all laboratory tests ordered during 10 months in an urban primary care clinic were retrospectively reviewed and the medical charts of patients with abnormal LFTs were studied. In 217/1088 (20%) of the tests at least 1 LFT abnormality was found in 156 patients. New diagnoses were made in 104 patients. The main diagnostic groups were: non-alcoholic fatty liver changes, Gilbert's disease, acute infectious hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis and hepatotoxic drug injury. In 60 patients the physician classified the abnormality as negligible and not associated with significant disease. However, an abnormal test that had been ordered for evaluation of a specific complaint, was indeed likely to represent significant disease (X²=29.5, p<0.001). We conclude that finding abnormalities in liver function tests is common in the primary care clinic but does not often indicate significant liver disease.

Professional Assessment of Senior Immigrant Physicians

N. Notzer, M.I. Zibziner, J. Shemer, M. Ravid

Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Israel has absorbed many immigrant physicians and has utilized their skills without compromising local professional standards. In accordance with this policy a special law for the assessment of the licensing of senior immigrant physicians, mainly from the former Soviet Union, who had practiced medicine for at least 14 years was implemented in 1994.

Considering their considerable medical experience on the one hand and their lack of experience in speaking Hebrew or undergoing testing techniques, they were exempted from the written national licensing examination. Instead they were obliged to undergo a 6-month clinical observation period in a local hospital or clinic.

At the end of this period a letter of confirmation was issued which was followed by an oral assessment of their clinical ability. In the assessment session, each candidate was presented with written presentations of 4 typical clinical cases which practitioners encounter on a daily basis, in family medicine, emergency medicine, surgery, and pediatrics or gerontology. Of 114 cases prepared, 4 were selected for each candidate by the committee of 13 trained, experienced Israeli physicians.

3 members of the committee assessed each candidate using specified criteria. The assessment, which lasted about an hour, focused on the candidates' professional knowledge involved in differential diagnosis and case management.

Of 497 candidates examined between 1994 and 1996, approximately 80% passed in their first attempt. However, about 30% of the invited candidates did not appear for the exam. Characteristics of successful candidates were being young and being among the seniors with the least clinical experience. Most had specialized in internal medicine and had completed their observation period in a non-academic hospital. There they had received somewhat more attention than those who had been in academic hospitals. Significantly, the successful candidates were more proficient in Hebrew than the unsuccessful candidates, and reported no special problems during the observation period.