תוצאת חיפוש

שרון אהרוני(1), יהודה נופך מוזס(2), אבינועם רחמל(1), מיכאל שוורץ(2), שי אשכנזי(1,3)

(1) המח' לרפואת ילדים א', (2) המח' לדימות ילדים, (3) היח' למחלות זיהומיות בילדים, מרכז שניידר לרפואת ילדים בישראל, פתח תקווה, והפקולטה לרפואה סאקלר, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב

סטרפטוקוק ביתא-המוליטי מקבוצה A (סבה"א) רגיש בכל העולם לפניצילין. אף-על-פי-כן, חלק מהזיהומים הנגרמים מחיידק זה הם קשים וממושכים, ולעתים הם אף קטלניים.

במאמר זה מובאת פרשת חולה – ילד עם דלקת-ריאות מורכבת המלווה בתפליט צידרי, שהחלים באופן איטי ולאחר טיפול ממושך. המטרה בהבאת פרשת-חולה זה היא להדגיש את החומרה, הסיבוכים והמהלך הממושך של דלקת-ריאות עקב סבה"א בילדים. אבחנה נכונה חיונית לשם מתן טיפול מתאים של פניצילין לתוך-הווריד לתקופה ממושכת.

גד בן-דרור, יורם מיז'ריצקי, גלינה ויאר, מרים צוקר ודן מירון

גורמי-סיכון הקשורים בתחלואה בדלקת-ריאות מלגיונלה (דר"ל) שכיחים בעיקר במבוגרים שגילם מעל 60 שנה. המטרה במחקר הייתה לבדוק את האפידמיולוגיה והביטוי הקליני של המחלה בחולים מאושפזים עקב דלקת ריאות המשתייכים לקבוצת גיל זו.

המחקר היה פרוספקטיבי ונערך בביה"ח זיו בצפת בין התאריכים 1.6.1999 ל- 31.5.2000. כל החולים שגילם היה מעל 60 שנה ואושפזו עקב דלקת-ריאות שנרכשה בקהילה או בבית-החולים, נבדקו בתוך 24-48 שעות ממועד התקבלותם לנוכחות זיהום מלגיונלה באמצעות בדיקה לנוכחות אנטיגן החיידק בשתן. גורמי-הסיכון לזיהום בליגיונלה והביטוי הקליני של החולים בדר"ל הושוו ביחס של 2:1 לקבוצת בקרה מותאמת מבחינת גיל, מין ושבוע האישפוז.

בתקופת המחקר אושפזו 202 ו-38 חולים מבוגרים שגילם מעל 60 שנה, אשר לקו בדלקת-ריאות שנרכשה בקהילה או בבית-החולים, בהתאמה. בשמונה מאם (3.3%) אובחנה דר"ל. כל החולים לקו בזיהום שנרכש בקהילה (שכיחות של 4%) ו-6 (75%) מהם אושפזו בחודשים יוני-ספטמבר.

המימצאים הקליניים המשמעותיים מבחינה סטטיסטית בחולים שלקו בדר"ל בהשוואה לקבוצת הבקרה כללו  עישון, דירוג חומרה גבוה של המחלה, ירידה במצב ההכרה, קצב נשימות מוגבר, חמצת נשימתית, היפוקסיה וצורך בהנשמה מכאנית (0.05>P בכולם). כל החולים טופלו במאקרולידים, אולם שיעור התמותה היה 50% בהשוואה ל-0% בקבוצת הבקרה (0.001>P).

לסיכום, שיעור ההיארעות של דר"ל בחולים מאושפזים בצפון-הארץ הוא נמוך, ומרבית החולים מאושפזים בחודשים הקיץ. חומרת המחלה ושיעור התמותה גבוהים משמעותית מקבוצת החולים בדלקת-ריאות שאינה מלגיונלה.

שמואל ארגוב, אלגה לבנדובסקי

בתי החולים "אלישע" ו"חורב", חיפה

הוראת "צום מחצות הליל" היא שיגרה נפוצה, הנרשמת בגיליון כל חולה במחלקות רבות לכירורגיה, לקראת הניתוח למחרת בוקר. חולים רבים עלולים לצום לפי הוראה זו במשך 10-12 שעות לפני הגעת תורם לניתוח. נשאלת השאלה, האם יש צורך בצום ממושך כל כך, מהם נזקיו ומהו משך הצום המיקטי לפני ניתוח, הרדמה כללית ופעולה פולשנית תחת סמי הרגעה. מובא בזה נסיוננו בלמעלה מ-5,000 ניתוחים פרוקטולוגיים אמבולטוריים בהרדמה מקומית, בתנוחת trendelenburg, עם צום "מקוצר" לפני הניתוח.

Characteristics of Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus Pneumoniae in Children During Acute Respiratory Disease

A. Aran¹, D. Fraser², R. Dagan¹

Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit¹, Epidemiology Department², Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of pediatric morbidity and its main reservoir is the nasopharynx, from which it can disseminate and cause invasive disease. From November 1997 through March 1998, nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae was evaluated in 250 children under the age of 36 months: 123 Jews and 127 Bedouins with acute respiratory disease and in 980 healthy control children (852 Jews and 128 Bedouins).

Carriage rate was higher among sick children. Among Jewish children it was 57% and 35% of sick and healthy children respectively (p<0.01), and among Bedouin children it figured as 80% and 67% respectively (p=0.01). The difference in carriage rate was most prominent in infants under the age of 5 months: among Jewish children it was 60% and 27% of sick and healthy children respectively (p<0.001) and among Bedouins it was 82% and 65% respectively (p=0.05).

Higher carriage rate of penicillin resistant pneumococci (PRP) was also detected in sick children, with no relation to antibiotic treatment in the month prior to sampling. In Jewish children PRP was detected in 12%, 28% (p<0.001) and 36% (p<0.001) of healthy children, sick children with previous antibiotic treatment and sick children with no treatment, respectively.

The seroypes included in the newly developed 7-valent conjugate vaccine: 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F, that are highly pathogenic and often antibiotic resistant contributed 74% of isolates in sick Jewish children who had previous antibiotic treatment and 39% of isolates in healthy children (p<0.001). In Bedouin children vaccine types carriers rate among the sick children was not higher than in healthy children.

Acute respiratory disease increases the risk of pneumococcal carriage in general and carriage of resistant pneumococci in particular. Previous antibiotic treatment increases the risk of carring one of the pathogenic serotypes included in the 7-valent vaccine. The impact of disease is most prominent in infants under 5 months, since they are usually less exposed to S. pneumoniae carriers than older children.

Since the increase in carriage rate during illness is mostly due to the serotypes included in the newly developed conjugate vaccine, future immunization programme may decrease not only morbidity rate but also nasopharyngeal carriage rate of pneumococci in general and of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci in particular.

Eosinophilic Pneumonia induced by Minocycline

Eli Rosen

Medical Dept. B, Hillel Yaffe Hospital, Hadera

Eosinophilic pneumonia is a rare adverse effect of minocycline. To date there are about 70 chemical compounds that cause drug-induced, eosinophilic lung disease.

A 20-year-old woman who developed eosinophilic pneumonia due to minocycline is described. Diagnosis was established by history, signs and symptoms, peripheral eosinophilia, chest x-rays and response to combined cessation of treatment and a short course of steroids.

Physicians should be aware to this rare adverse effect of the drug. Attention to the possibility of minocycline-induced eosinophilic pneumonia can prevent unnecessary, expensive investigation. Cessation of intake is usually sufficient for cure.

Cryptococcal Meningitis Following Cryptococcal Pneumonia in an Immunocompetent

N. Reichman, M. Elias, R. Raz, E. Flatau

Dept. of Internal Medicine B and Infectious Disease Unit, HaEmek Hospital, Afula and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is common in the immunocompromised (especially due to AIDS), but also occurs in immunocompetent subjects. CM can complicate cryptococcal pneumonia (CP) not only in the immunocompromised but also in the immunocompetent. We describe a healthy 26-year-old man who developed a prolonged lung infection. Diagnosis of cryptococcal pneumonia was established from bronchoscopic washings. He recovered spontaneously, so no antifungal treatment was given.

4 months later he was admitted with cryptococcal meningitis and was treated successfully with amphotericin B. An extensive immunologic study revealed no abnormalities. Since CM can complicate cryptococcal pneumonia, it is recommended that patients with CP be followed, even if recovery is apparently complete.

Equine Rhodococcus Equi Pneumonia: First Report in Israel and its Significance for Man

A. Steinman, G.A. Sutton, D. Elad

Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; and Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan

Rhodococcus equi is an important pathogen in young horses. In recent years it has been increasingly recognized as an opportunistic infectious agent in patients with immune deficiency. The increase in recognized cases may be related to the increased prevalence of AIDS. However, more cases may have been recognized lately due to increased awareness of the pathogenicity of this bacterium. Based on medical reports, there appears to be an association between Rhodococcus equi infections and exposure to animals, horses in particular.

During the past year, 2 cases of rhodococcus pneumonia were diagnosed in foals in Israel. This information deserves the attention of the local medical community because of the zoonotic potential of Rhodococcus equi and the danger of its becoming more common. The climate in Israel is conducive to its growth and viability and since it flourishes in an environment with horses, the significant growth in our equine industry in recent years may contribute to an increase in Rhodococcus infections.

Severe Pneumonia Caused by Bordetella Bronchiseptica

Taufik Zuabi, Adir Faivisevitz, Michael L. Alkan

Yoseftal Hospital, Eilat; Soroka Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; and Ben Gurion University Center for Health Sciences, Beer Sheba

Bordetella bronchiseptica rarely causes disease in man, and is an unusual pathogen in animals. It causes a pertussis-like syndrome, but pneumonia and sepsis have been described in the immunocompromised as well as in the immunocompetent. A 53-year-old man with adult-onset diabetes and healed pulmonary tuberculosis presented with lobar pneumonia and rapidly developed septic shock with adult respiratory distress syndrome. He responded well to the combination of piperacillin-tazobactam.

Mesalamine-Induced Hyper- Sensitivity Pneumonitis

D. Zamir, J. Weizman, C. Zamir, Z. Fireman, P. Weiner

Dept. of Medicine A and Gastroenterology Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera and Hadera Subdistrict Health Office

A 23-year-old woman was admitted with a history of 2 weeks of cough, fever and bilateral lung infiltrates. She had been diagnosed 2 months before as having ulcerative proctitis and was treated with mesalamine, which induced a full remission, but 3 antibiotic regimens failed to improve her lung disease.

Since computerized tomography revealed bilateral peripheral lung infiltrates and her eosinophile count was elevated, the diagnosis of drug-induced eosinophilic pneumonia was suggested. Mesalamine and antibiotics were stopped and oral corticosteroids begun. She became almost asymptomatic a week after mesalamine withdrawal, and the x-ray became normal.

Miliary and Reticulo-Nodular Pulmonary Brucellosis

Nasser Gattas, Norman Loberant, David Ri

Medical Dept. B and Radiology Depts., Western Galilee Regional Hospital, Nahariya and Rappaport Faculof Medicine, The Technion, Haifa

Brucellosis is a classical zoonosis caused by a Gram-negative bacillus of the genus Brucella. Human brucellosis can either be acute or chronic and present with a variety of manifestations, mostly with fever and signs of musculo-skeletal involvement. It may be complicated by involvement of the cardiovascular, central nervous or genito-urinary systems. However, pulmonary brucellosis is a rare complication.

We report a case of miliary and reticulo-nodular brucellar pneumonia with positive blood and sputum cultures and positive serological tests. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case to be reported from Israel of miliary pneumonia with sputum positive for brucellosis.

Nasopharyngeal Colonization with Streptococcus Pneumoniae in Pediatric Respiratory Infections

Isaac Srugo, Irena Chystiakov, Ella Cohen, Yoram Tal, Michael Jaffe

Clinical Microbiology and Pediatric Depts., Bnai Zion Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa

During the winter of 1995, nasopharyngeal colonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae was evaluated in 204 children with respiratory infection and 107 normal control children. There was no difference in gender or mean age between the groups, and no difference in carrier rate between sick (24.5%) and normal (22%) children (p=0.6). Carrier rates were 19%, 32%, 31% and 17% at 6, 12, 24 and 48 months, respectively. Penicillin-resistant pneumococci (PRP) were found in 42% of sick and 16.6% of normal children, (p<0.05). Resistance to more than 2 antibiotics was found in 28% of sick and in 12.5% of normal children. PRP were found in 67% and 34% of sick children with and without prior antibiotic treatment (p<0.05). We conclude that there is no difference in the carrier rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae between sick and normal children. However, the high prevalence of PRP in children with respiratory infections is probably due to prior antibiotic treatment.

Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Elderly: Guidelines for Hospitalization

Jacob Feldman, Abraham Yarezky, Carola Vigder

Geriatric. Dept., Meir Hospital, Kfar Saba and Sakler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

A prospective study was carried out among elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia to determine if there are any specific features that could help in deciding whether to hospitalize, or to treat in the community. We concluded that there is no correlation between clinical presentation of pneumonia and outcome, except for impairment of consciousness. Laboratory data showed a correlation between oxygen saturation in arterial blood, levels of hemoglobin and albumin, and outcome. Sputum culture was not helpful in deciding about diagnosis and treatment, which remain empiric. These patients should be treated at home if conditions permit. Recommendations are made for improving such conditions.