תוצאת חיפוש

סמית בדארנה, חיה כידן, סילביה הוניגמן וניר גלעדי

עווית במחצית הפנים (hemifacial spasm) (עמ"פ) נחשבת למחלה היקפית של עצב הפנים. הסיבה לכך אינה ברורה, אולם התיאוריה הרווחת היא, שעמ"פ נגרמת כתוצאה מדחיסת עצב הפנים בזווית הפונטוצרבלית על ידי כלי-הדם של המוח. על-מנת לחקור את המהלך הטבעי של עמ"פ, לבדוק את הקשר בין עמ"פ לבין מצב פסיכולוגי או פעולות גופניות ולהעריך את התפקיד האפשרי של ה- facial cortex בפתוגנזה, נבדקו על-ידינו 95 חולים הלוקים בעמ"פ – 52 גברים ו-43 נשים, בגיל ממוצע של 12.7+-62 שנה ומשך מחלה ממוצע של 6.5+-7.5 שנה. החולים רואיינו באופן אישי על-ידי שניים מהמחברים (ס"ב וח"כ). כמו-כן, מילאו החולים שאלון מפורט, עם שאלות ישירות ועקיפות לגבי הקשר בין חומרת העוויתות למצב הנפשי או לפעולות גופניות מסוימות.

מצאנו קשר חזק בין חומרת העוויתות לדחק רגשי ב-85% מהחולים ולעייפות ב-54% מהחולים. דיבור הגביר את חומרת העוויתות ב-58% מהחולים, ואכילה או שתייה החמירו את העוויתות ב-28% מהחולים. לפעילות גופנית, מיקום הראש, עונת השנה או שעת היום לא היתה השפעה על המצב הקליני. רעלן הבוטולינום הוזרק ל-78 חולים, עם שיעור שיפור סובייקטיבי כללי של > 70% ב-74% מהחולים (23% דירגו את השיפור כגבוה מ-90%).

לסיכום, עמ"פ היא הפרעת תנועה של עצב הפנים, המושפעת מאוד מהמצב הרגשי של החולים, נתון התומך בפתוגנזה של מעורבות עליונה, דהיינו קליפתית-גרעינית. רעלן הבוטולינום הוא טיפול ארוך-טווח ויעיל ביותר ללוקים בהפרעה זו.

Sport-Related Maxillofacial Fractures

Yitzhak Shoshani, Navot Givol, Shlomo Taicher

Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Faculty of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University

The records of 537 patients with 750 maxillofaciafractures were reviewed and analyzed. 55 (10.2%) had sport-related injuries and the rest were due to othercauses. The sport-related group was predominantly male (ratio 9:1) with a mean age of 24.5 years. The mandible was most commonly injured (52.5%), followed by the zygomatic complex (32.8%). The incidence of complicated mid-facial fractures was only 2.8%, and of comminuted fractures 9%. This distribution of injuries is most likely due to the relatively low-energy of trauma associated with many sport activities. The relatively low mean age of the patients, most of whom had full dentition, allowed for conservative treatment of most of the mandibular fractures, using closed reduction.

Injuries were caused by 11 different sports. The highest incidence was soccer (45%), followed by skating (15%), basketball (9%) and horse-riding (9%). Contact sports were the cause of injuries in 72.2%, with the highest incidence of trauma due to impact with another player (60%). Better protection of the oral and maxillofacial region is needed, especially during high-contact sport.

Plagiocephaly in Children: Etiology, Differential Diagnosis and Helmet Treatment

A. Margulis, V. Hatuel, A. Weinberg, A. Neuman, Z. Israel, M.R. Wexler

Depts. of Plastic Surgery, Occupational Therapy, and Neurosurgery, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem

Plagiocephaly in a head-and-neck irradiated rat model or rhomboid-shaped head, occurs in at least 1 in 300 live births. In most cases such asymmetry is not caused by synostosis of the unilateral coronal or lambdoid sutures, but is rather a deformity produced by intrauterine and/or postnatal deformational forces. Categorization and diagnosis of plagiocephaly as synostotic or deformational is reliably made by physical examination and computerized tomography. Its differential diagnosis is extremely important because prompt surgical correction is usually indicated for the synostotic type. In contrast, infants with deformational frontal or occipital plagiocephaly generally respond to helmet treatment.

10 infants with significant deformational plagiocephaly were treated with individual plastic helmets during the past 2 years and 4 other infants with plagiocephaly are currently being treated. In each instance, cranial asymmetry dramatically improved as the brain grew and the head filled out the helmet. There were no significant complications. Awareness of deformational plagiocephaly allows more accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment, avoiding unnecessary surgical intervention in patients with positional molding.

Botulinum Toxin Injection Effective for Post-Peripheral Facial Nerve Palsy Synkinesis

Samih Badarny, Nir Giladi, Silvia Honigman

Dept. of Neurology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa; and Movement Disorders Unit, Dept. of Neurology, Tel Aviv Medical Center

Facial synkinesis is an involuntary activation of muscles innervated by the zygomatic or mandibular branche of the facial nerve in conjunction with voluntary activation of the other branch. It appears frequently after recovery from peripheral facial nerve paralysis. We report 10 patients with facial synkinesis following Bell's palsy with a mean duration of synkinesis of 7±4 years before treatment with periorbital injections of Botulinum toxin type A. 9 had marked subjective and objective improvement starting a few days after injection andlasting 4-9 months. The results suggest a useful treatment option for post-Bell's palsy facsynkinesis with Botulinum toxin type A.

Distraction Osteogenesis for Hypoplastic Facial Bones

Adi Rachmiel, Dina Lewinson, Dror Eizenbud, Daren Rosen, Dov Laufer

Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Orthodontics and Cleft Palate Unit, Rambam Medical Center; and Division of Morphological Sciences, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa

Distraction osteogenesis is a well-known method for bone lengthening which stretches callus to generate new bone in the distracted area. The method was developed by Ilizarov for the lengthening of long enchondral bones. In recent years the method has also been applied to the facial bones and to the jaw.

Facial Trauma: Characteristics and Therapy

R. Nagler, M. Peled, D. Laufer

Depts of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa

This department was established 35 years ago. Since then, many patients with facial trauma, both soldiers and civilians, have been treated and extensive experience has been accumulated. From 1990 to 1995, 487 patients with facial trauma (18.6% of the patients in the department) where hospitalized and treated. 88.5% suffered from injuries which included facial bones, and the others from soft tissue injuries only. We summarize our experience, analyzing both the demographic and clinical characteristics of the injuries and the treatment administered. Based on our experience and the current literature, we present an overview of the issue.