תוצאת חיפוש

משה שבתאי (1), צ'ארלס סלנץ (2), הואי יה (2), ווין וולצר (2), קזימירז מלינובסקי (2),

(1) המחלקה לכירורגיה והשתלות, מרכז רפואי שיבא, תל-השומר והפקולטה לרפואה סאקלר, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב, (2) המחלקות לכירורגיה ואורולוגיה ושירות ההשתלות, האוניברסיטה של מדינת ניו-יורק, Stony Brook

לימפוציטים מסנני שאתות (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes) בסרטן הכרכשת והחלחולת (colorectal cancer) הם ביטוי של תגובת החיסון התאי לשאת הממאירה. התקדמות השאת היא תוצאה של ליקוי ביכולת מערכת החיסון של המאחסן לרסן את צמיחת השאת. במחקרים הוצעו מספר גורמים אפשריים העומדים ביסודו של ליקוי כזה, אולם הגורמים המדוייקים האחראים לפגם בפעילות המערכת החיסונית עדיין אינם ברורים.

המטרה במאמר היא להשוות בין ההשפעות האפשריות של מיצוי (extract) מתאי סרטן הכרכשת והחלחולת לבין אלו של מיצוי מרירית כרכשת תקינה על בלאסטוגנזה מושרית-לקטין של לימפוציטים מהדם ההיקפי של אותם החולים.

מיצויים של תאי סרטן הכרכשת והחלחולת ושל רירית מעי תקינה נלקחו מ-3 חולים שעברו ניתוח ריפויי בשל אדנוקרצינומה של הכרכשת (colon cancer). בתבחיני השיגשוג (lymphocyte proliferaption assay)  נעשה שימוש בלימפוציטים מדם היקפי של חולי סרטן הכרכשת והחלחולת, שהודגרו עם ConcanavalinA (ConA) ו- phytohemaglutinin (PHA) בנוכחות מיצוי תאי סרטן הכרכשת והחלחולת או תאי רירת תקינה, וכן בנוכחות מצע בלבד. מידת השיגשוג נמדדה על-פי רמת שילוב  thymidine H³ לאחר הדגרה בת 48 שעות.

חשיפת תבחין של שיגשוג לימפוציטים מדם יקפי המושרה ב- ConA למיצוי תאי סרטן הכרכשת והחלחולת, גרמה לעיכוב של 98.7% בהשוואה למיצוי רירית מעי תקינה (cpm, 1,594+-214 [אותות לדקה] לעומת 6,997+-95,335, p=0.0018) בשיגשוג מושרה PHA שנחשף למיצוי סרטן הכרכשת והחלחולת הודגמה ירידה של 99.7% בפעילות בלאסטוגנית בהשוואה למיצוי רירית תקינה (pcm 175+-362 לעומת pcm, 16,591+-62,357, p=0.0234).

לסיכום, תוצאות ראשוניות אלו מרמזות, כי מיצוי תאי סרטן הכרכת והחלחולת מכיל גורם או מספר גורמים המסוגלים לעכב משמעותית שיגשוג לימפוציטים מושרה-לקטין של הדם ההיקפי. הפרשת חומרים מעכבים עשויה להיות אחד המנגנונים האפשריים שבאמצעותם חומקת השאת מהזרוע התאים של התגובה החיסונית. איפיון גורמים אלו עשוי לסייע בשיקום התיפקוד החיסוני-המקומי, התוך-שאתי והמערכתי.

הרצל שבתאי, עמוס קורצ'ין

מח' עצבים, מרכז רפואי תל-אביב והקתדרה לנירולוגיה שיראצקי, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב

מחלת פארקינסון היא אחת המחלות הניווניות השכיחות הפוגעות במערכת העצבים. שכיחות המחלה היא 0.4% מתחת גיל 40, 1% מעל גיל 65 ו-2.6% מעל גיל 80. הגיל הממוצע של הופעת המחלה הוא בין 55-60 שנה. המחלה פוגעת במערכת המוטורית החוץ-פירמידית, ומתאפיינת במישלב סימנים הכוללים איטיות, נוקשות, רעד במנוח, הפרעות ביציבה ובשיווי משקל, וקיפאונות בהליכה (freezings of gait). קיימות גם תופעות שכיחות שאינן מוטוריות, כגון הפרעות אוטונומיות (אורתוסטטיזם, עצירות כרונית), הפרעות נפשיות (דיכאון, חרדה) ופגיעה קוגניטיבית המתבטאת בליקוי בזיכרון עד כדי שיטיון (dementia). הפתולוגיה של המחלה מאופיינת בהרס ובמוות של תאים דופאמינרגיים בחומר השחור (substantia nigra). הפאתופיזולוגיה של המחלה כוללת בעיקר חסר של הפרשת דופאמין בגרעיני הבסיס, והטיפול העיקרי מכוון לתיקון חסר זה. לא ניתן להסתייע בדופאמין עצמו, מאחר שהחומר איננו עובר את מחסום הדם-מוח. כבר למעלה מ-30 שנה לבודופא הוא תכשיר הנחשב ל"מדד הזהב" (gold standard) לטיפול במחלת פארקינסון. לבודופא הוא "קדם-תרופה" (prodrug). החומר עצמו אינו פעיל, אך הוא חודר בקלות יחסית למוח והופך שם לדופאמין.

Attitude of Hospital Visitors Towards Cigarette Smoking inside Hospital Buildings; One More Step Towards a "Smoke Free Hospital" in Israel

S. Varsano*, S. Shachar⁺, O. Bacal⁺, N. Eldor⁺, G. Hevion**, M. Garenkin^#

Meir General Hospital, Sapir Medical Center, Kfar-Sava 44281 and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv, Israel ^*Asthma Care - Education Unit, Department of Pulmonary Medicine ⁺Meir School of Nursing **Hospital Management Office ^#Epidemiology and Medical Data Unit

In order to determine a policy within the hospital restricting smoking we previously surveyed the attitude of the hospital staff towards smoking inside the hospital buildings. In the present survey we examined the attitude of the hospital visitors on the same issue. One hundred and fifty-seven hospital visitors participated in the survey and answered a questionnaire; 93 visitors were smokers, 64 were non-smokers.

Eighty-eighth percent of the visitors smoked during their visit, 4 cigarettes on the average, during an average length of stay of 2.8 hours, until completing the questionnaire. Eighty-three percent of the smokers were aware of the law that prohibits smoking in public buildings, and 71% were aware of the signs and advertisements that prohibit smoking in the hospital. Two thirds of the smokers declared that they would have refrained from smoking in the hospital if others around them also refrained from smoking and justified the law that prohibits smoking in public buildings, including hospitals. Sixty-nine percent of the smokers declared that they were willing to cooperate with hospital management in restricting smoking to the hospital grounds outside the hospital buildings, and would accept directives regarding smoking restriction from any hospital personnel. In fact, only 11% of the smokers were requested to stop smoking during their visit.

These findings reinforce the results of our pervious survey conducted among the hospital staff and indicates the existence of a paradoxical vicious cycle of behavior among smokers and non-smokers, visitors and staff, in the hospital. On the one hand the smokers do not have the self-obedience necessary to stop smoking while visiting in the hospital, although they are aware of their misdeed. On the other hand the non-smokers lack the confidence that they will obtain the cooperation of the smokers, although the smokers are willing to cooperate. Both groups expect someone else to either actively restrict them from smoking or to encourage them to restrict the smokers.

Our findings suggest that this “someone else” is the hospital management (and the staff endorsed to implement this directive).

Burch Laparoscopic Procedure for Repairing Proven Stress Incontinence

Moshe Bustan, Shabtai Romano, Raed Salim, Jacob Rosenman, Eliezer Shalev

Depts. of Obstetric and Gynecology and of Urology, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula

There are more than 200 procedures for repairing stress urinary incontinence. We evaluated the safety and efficiency of the Burch laparoscopic procedure in 32 women with urodynamically proven genuine stress incontinence.

Mean operating time was 40 minutes and mean hospitalization time after the procedure was 30 hours. The cure rate was 97%, similar to that rin other studies (80-95%). The major complications w2 cases (6.2%) of unintended bladder injury, diagnosed and repaired laparoscopically. Although follow-up has only been for 3-42 months, the high cure rate and safety and advantages of laparoscopy over laparotomy, make laparoscopic Burch colposuspension the procedure of choice for repairing stress incontinence.

Smoking by an Israeli Hospital Staff, its Attitude to Smoking in Hospitals and to “Smoke-Free” Hospitals

Shabtai Varsano, Giora Hevion, Mila Garenkin

Depts. of Pulmonary Medicine, Asthma Care-Education Unit, Hospital Management Office, and Epidemiology and Medical Data Unit; Meir General Hospital, Sapir Medical Center, Kfar Saba and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Smoking within hospitals is common in general hospitals in Israel. It has a strong negative educational impact, has a negative image and curing its ill effects help keep our hospitals busy. An anonymous questionnaire was answered by 128 members of our hospital staff (28%). Their distribution, according to occupation and sex was representative of the rest of our hospital staff.

19% of our workers are smokers, a much lower proportion than in our general adult population. The proportion was highest among maintenance (40%) and sanitary-help staff (36%). 23% of nurses and 15% of physicians were smokers. This situation is better than that among Italian or Japanese medical staff, but much worse than among North American medical staff.

75% of our workers who smoke declared that they smoke outside the room in which they work. 66% and 72% of the staff believe that hospital workers and visitors, respectively, should smoke outside hospital buildings. Only 19% of all workers do not believe that a "smoke-free hospital" is attainable. 34% believe that a "smoke-free hospital" is achievable, and 47% said that it is perhaps achievable. 86% of all the workers, and 41% of the smokers, expect the hospital director to implement an effective policy of enforcing the law limiting smoking within hospitals (and other public buildings) in Israel. 60% are willing to contribute actively to this effort.

We believe these results strongly suggest that the time is ripe for implementation of the "smoke-free hospital" in Israel. This requires a strong and effective central policy, like that in the USA. We suggest measures that the Israel Ministry of Health take measures to successfully implement this policy.

Preliminary Report of Experience with Laparoscopic Splenectomy

Joseph Kuriansky, Ron Bilik, Moshe Shabtai, Itamar Avigad, Amram Ayalon

Depts. of General Surgery and Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Laparoscopic splenectomy is effective and technically feasible for treating various hematological diseases such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), congenital sphero„cytosis, hemolytic anemia, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. An anterior approach to the vascular pedicle is usually described. However, in this approach to the splenic hilum, the dissection of the splenic artery is frequently difficult. The laparoscopic posterolateral approach involves dissection of the posterolateral attachments to the diaphragm, followed by the disection and ligation of all splenic branches near the splenic parenchyma. We used it in 9 adults and 4 children: 11 patients had ITP, 1 spherocytosis and 1 Hodgkin's lymphoma.

This procedure was completed in 13 patients, but in 2 it had to be converted to open surgery. Mean operating time was 3 hours and mean postoperative stay 3 days. Blood transfusion was not required and there were no postoperative complications.

Laparoscopic splenectomy is safe in both adults and children, and the posterolateral approach provides excellent visualization and allows control of the branches of the splenic vein and artery in the splenic hilum.

Proper use of Pressurized Hand-Held Inhalers in Patients with Chronic Airway Obstruction 

Shabtai Varsano, Ilana Jacoby, Mila Garenkin

Asthma Care and Education Unit, Dept. of Pulmonary Medicine, and Epidemiology Unit, Meir General Hospital, Sapir Medical Center, Kfar Saba; and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Inhaling drugs via hand-held inhalers in recommended for those with chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD). Approximately 8%-9% of Israel's population use hand-held inhalers, many of them pressurized. Skill in using them and ability of chronic users to learn their proper use have not been assessed.

During 1993 and 1994 we studied 200 patients with bronchial asthma or COPD who regularly used a pressurized hand-held inhaler (PI), but were not trained to use it in our out-patient pulmonary clinic. Only a third were found to be skilled in its use. About half were completely unable to use it properly, and 17% used it in a suboptimal way. Remarkably, only 40% had been taught anything with regard to its use. About 75% of the suboptimal users significantly improved their skill in its use immediately after receiving a single individual teaching and corrective demonstration session. While 15% failed to learn the proper use of the PI, many of those who improved immediately after a single teaching session retained the learned skills for months.

We conclude that the physician who recommends the use of a PI is responsible for the patient's being taught its proper use in a demonstration session. Skill in its use should be reassessed periodically during the entire treatment period.

Laparoscopic Approach to Perforated Duodenal Ulcer

D. Rosin, Y. Kurianski, M. Shabtai, A. Ayalon

Dept. of General Surgery and Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

As laparoscopy becomes more prevalent, it is being used for a growing variety of abdominal operations, both electively and as emergency treatment. We describe our preliminary experience in laparoscopic repair of perforated duodenal ulcer. 2 women and 2 men, aged 40-78 were operated over a period of 4 months and in all laparoscopic suture and omentopexy were performed with meticulous abdominal lavage. Despite somewhat longer operative time but a similar period of hospitalization, the easier post-operative course and fewer wound complications justify this technique. The effectiveness of medical treatment of peptic disease, and especially the anti-Helicobacter pylori regimen, supports the view that closure of the perforation is usually enough, and vagotomy is not needed.

Surgical Approach to Benign Cecal Ulcer

J. Haik, A. Judich, I. Barshack, M. Ben-Haim, M. Shabtai, A. Ayalon

Dept. of Surgery B and Pathology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Benign cecal ulcer is a rare lesion, usually diagnosed during operation for suspected acute appendicitis or peritonitis of unknown origin. In the past, right hemicolectomy was recommended as the treatment of choice because of the difficulty in differentiating malignant lesions from benign cecal ulcers. However, in recent reports a more conservative approach has been suggested, consisting of selective colectomy followed by frozen section biopsy. This approach is aimed at preventing unnecessary excision of the colon and conserving the ileocecal valve. We present a 47-year-old woman operated for right lower quadrant peritonitis, believed to be due to acute appendicitis. On exploration, a biopsy-proven benign cecal ulcer was found and resected.