תוצאת חיפוש

יפתח יסעור (1), גיא בן סימון (2), נחום רוזן (2),

(1) מערך העיניים, קמפוס בילינסון, מרכז רפואי רבין, (2) המכון לעיניים מוריס וגבריאלה גולדשלגר, תל-השומר

מחלת הארובה השכיחה ביותר הנגרמת כתוצאה ממחלה מערכתית היא מחלת בלוטת-התריס בארובת העין (thyroid orbitoparhy) (מבת"א). המחלה מאופיינת בדלקת, בבצקת ובהצטלקות של רקמות בארובה, הגורמות למיגוון ביטויים קליניים הכוללים בלט בעין, בצקת העפעפיים, נסיגת העפעף, בצקת לחמית, דלקת קרנית כתוצאה מחשיפה עד כדי התכייבות הקרנית, הפרעות בתנועת העין, פזילה ונזק לעצב הראייה. זוהי מחלה שכיחה, הסיבות להופעתה אינן מובנות דיין והשפעותיה על הראייה והמראה החיצוני עלולות להיות קשות. בשנים האחרונות חלה התקדמות ניכרת בטיפול הניתוחי במחלה. למרות שהדרך לשליטה מוחלטת במחלה עדיין ארוכה, עומדות כיום בפני החולה אפשרויות טיפוליות שלא היו קיימות בעבר. בעבודה להלן נסקרת ההתקדמות שחלה בהבנת המחלה ובטיפול הניתוחי.

גיא בן-סימון, אירינה ברקת

מכון העיניים מוריס וגבריאלה גולדשלגר, מרכז רפואי שיבא, תל-השומר

זיהום ראשוני בשלבקת פשוטה (ש"פ) (HSV–herpes simplex) הוא זיהום שכיח במדינות המערב, וניתן למצוא נוגדנים לנגיף ב-90% מהאוכלוסייה בקירוב. שיאי הזיהום הראשוני מתרחשים בגיל הילדות והבגרות המוקדמות, אם כי לעתים מאובחנים מקרים אקראיים בתקופת הינקות ובגיל המבוגר. ברוב החולים הזיהום הראשוני הוא אי-תסמיני וחולף עצמונית (אם כי במקרים נדירים התוצאות הרסניות). לאחר הזיהום הראשוני נותר הנגיף לצמיתות בגוף בצורה כמוסה (latent), ושיפעול (reactivation) המחלה מתרחש בעתות מועקה גופנית או נפשית.

שלבקת ראשונית של העיניים (primary ocular herpes) מתהווה בד"כ כדלקת לחמית זקיקית (follicular) עם נפיחות קשריות-לימפה אזוריות ודלקת שלפוחיתי של העפעפיים. בחלק מהחולים מתהווה צורה של דלקת קרנית אפיתלית, הנמשכת זמן רב יותר מזיהום בלחמית. לעתים נדירות מעורבת גם המשתית (stroma) בקרנית.

Multilocular Cystic Mass of the Kidney: A Diagnostic Challenge

Judy Kleinmann, Simon Negelev

Urology Dept., Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin

Multilocular cystic masses of the kidney present a diagnostic challenge because they may be malignant. Renal cell carcinoma with multilocular cysts has been reported. We present 4 cases in which the preoperative differential diagnosis was between a benign and a malignant multilocular cystic kidney mass.

Our results, combined with those of 33 previously reported cases, reveal that only 32% of cases were diagnosed correctly preoperatively. In 21% of these patients the preoperative clinical evaluation did not correctly diagnose malignancy: 24% of them yielded false negative and 21% false positive results. Angiography was more accurate than CT, US or aspiration of cysts. Frozen section was inaccurate in 55% of cases.

There is no reliable diagnostic test to distinguish between a malignant and a benign multilocular cystic mass. Invasive angiography is more accurate than other modalities. A therapeutic decision has to be made between nephron-sparing and radical surgery in each case. When nephron-sparing surgery is considered, the possible need to perform radical nephrectomy in second-look surgery must be taken into account.

Acute, Painful, Swollen Testis

Dan Leibovici, Simon Strauss, Ahuva Sharon

Dept. of Urology, Ultrasound Unit, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Medical Dept., Assaf Harofeh Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

An acutely painful and swollen testis mandates urgent diagnostic and therapeutic measures since this symptom complex may indicate torsion of the testis. Prompt scrotal exploration is necessary if the testis is to be saved from ischemic necrosis.

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a vasculitis involving mainly medium and small sized arteries and may damage any organ. In PAN, the presentation of an acutely painful and swollen testis raises a perplexing diagnostic problem since the symptoms may be related to vasculitis involving the testis on the one hand, or represent primary testicular pathology unrelated to the underlying PAN. A 31-year-old man with PAN who presented with acute pain and swelling in a solitary testis is reported.

The Challenge of Space-Occupying Lesions in the Iliopsoas Space

Irena Tsikonova, Jochanan E. Naschitz, Simona Croitoru, Elisha Barmeir, Daniel Yeshurun

Depts. of Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging, Bnai Zion Medical Center, and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Haifa

Mass lesions in the iliopsoas compartment (MLIPC) are uncommon in patients in departments of medicine and their incidence and etiologies are unclear. In a prospective study we diagnosed various MLIPCs in 7 patients during a 10-year period, representing 0.03% of admissions. Symptoms included abdominal or flank pain (4 cases), pain along the thigh (5), diminished psoas muscle strength (2), fever (2), and hypotension (1). MLIPC was suspected on clinical grounds in 5 cases. In all cases the diagnosis was established by computed tomography (CT). Tissue was sampled by needle biopsy in 4 and on surgery in 1. MLIPCs were caused by hemorrhage (2), infection (2), neoplasia (2) and inflammatory mass (1). Often MLIPCs are life-threatening so their timely diagnosis by early CT scan is important.

Is Ileostomy Necessary In Surgical Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis and Familial Polyposis?

Michael M. Krausz, Simon Daniel Duek

Dept. of Surgery A, Rambam Medical Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Haifa

Proctolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) has become the procedure of choice for the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and familial polyposis (FP). Ithas traditionally been performed in 2 stages, but recently the necessity for an ileostomy hbeen challenged by several authors who recommend a 1-stage procedure.

5 years ago we started to test this policy for treatment of UC and FP. In 48 patients (Group A), 45 with UC, the 2-step procedure, and in 17 of the 27 in Group B with FP, the 1-stage procedure were performed. The indications for surgery were intractable UC in 37 patients in group A and in 5 patients in Group B (p<0.01).

Postoperative infection due to bowel leakage developed in 2 in Group A and in 6 in Group B (p<0.01). Reoperation was necessary in 4 patients (15%) in Group B and only 1 (0.9%) in Group A (p<0.01). Bowel leakage in Group B occurred in 5 (19%) with UC and in only 1 with FP (p<0.05), which responded to medical treatment. All those with UC who developed this complication were relatively malnourished, with serum albumin levels lower than 3.0 g% and were regulated with corticosteroids.

We therefore conclude that the 2-stage IPAA is feasible and safe for the treatment of UC and FP. The 1-stage IPAA should be limited only to FP or good risk UC patients.

Combinations of Vasoactive Agents by Penile Injection for Erectile Dysfunction

E. Segenreich, S. Israilov, J. Shmueli, D. Simon, J. Baniel, P. Livne

Andrology Unit, Institute of Urology, Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson Campus), Petah Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

In the past 15 years there has been continuous increase in the use of injections into the corpora cavernosa of different vasoactive drugs for treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). However, some of these drugs are very expensive, are not available everywhere, and have side effects. We therefore compared the success rate of the most widely used compounds, papaverine and regitine, in 452 patients (age range 26-85) with different types of ED. Each patient received in the clinic injections of papaverine, 6-25 mg, and regitine, 0.05-1.5 mg. When maximal rigidity of the penis (MRP) was >80%, we instructed the patient to self-inject the drug at home, 5-30 minutes before coitus. If after 3 injections MRP was not >80%, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in an average dose of 10-25 mcg was added. If there was no response, papaverin+regitine+PGE1 were given in higher dosage, and atropine sulfate, 0.02+0.06 mg, was added if necessary.

Of 452 patients, 305 (67.4%) had MRP >80% after 3 injections of papaverine plus regitine. The other patients received PGE1 in addition. This was helpful in 61 patients (41.5%), while 55 (63.9%) required papaverine + regitine + prostin in higher doses. Of these, only 31 received papaverine + regitine + PGE1 + atropine sulfate. Of these, 20 (64.5%) reached MRP >80%, and 11 (2.4%) MRP <60. For these 11 patients, we recommended a penile prosthesis. Thus in 67.4% of the 452 patients, papaverine + regitine injections were effective; in 41.5%, PGE1; in 63.9%, papaverine + regitine + prostin + atropine sulfate. Only 11 (2.4%) did not react to intracorporeal injection.

This progressive method of treatment enabled us to select the optimal dosage and combinations of compounds in 441/452 patients (97.5%) according to the severity of their dysfunction. During follow-up of 6 months, spontaneous erections without injection were achieved in 115 (26.0%).

Epidermoid Cyst of the Spleen

Dan Bar-Zohar, Yaniv Sherer, Hana Manor, Amir Peer, Simon Strauss, Ariel Halevy

Dept. of Surgery B and Institute of Radiology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Splenic cysts are rarely found or diagnosed. Excluding cases of trauma, the events preceding their development have not been fully understood. We describe a 22-year-old woman in her 34th week of pregnancy in whom ultrasound revealed a cystic lesion 8610 cm. in diameter in the left upper abdomen. Further imaging tests followed by laparotomy confirmed the splenic origin of the cyst. Splenectomy was performed and the lesion was histopathologically defined as an epidermoid cyst.