ו' סליבא, ל' גולדשטיין, א' ניצן, מ' אליאס 

מח' פנימית ג', מרכז רפואי העמק, עפולה 

צינתור הוורידים המרכזיים הוא פעולה שכיחה לגבי חולים בלתי יציבים מבחינה המודנימית, לגבי חולים הנזקקים לטיפול ממושך, כגון: טיפול כימי, טיפול אנטיביוטי, הזנה לתוך הווריד או לצורך המודיאליזה זמנית. החדרת הצנתר דרך הווריד התת-בריחי היא הגישה המועדפת למטרת המודיאליזה, במיוחד משום שאינה מגבילה את ניידות החולה. רוב הסיבוכים הכרוכים בפעולה זו אינם משמעותיים, אך לעתים יכולים הם לסכן חיים ולחייב התערבות בניתוח.

להלן פרשת חולה בת 77 שלקתה באי-ספיקת כליות מתמידה, הותקן אצלה צנתר לווריד התת-בריחי השמאלי והוחל טיפול בהמודיאליזה. שלושה שבועות לאחר מכן בזמן טיפול בהמודיאליזה החלה להתלונן על כאב בבטן ימנית עליונה וכאב בחזה מימין. בצילום בית-החזה נראה נוזל צידרי בכמות בינונית עד גדולה, מימין. בדיקור הנוזל נראה נוזל דמי מתאים לדיימת בית-החזה.

Acute and Chronic Hepatitis C in Hemodialysis Patients 

Nir Hilzenrat, Marcus Mostoslavsky, David Tovbin

Liver Disease Service - Division of Gastroenterology, Dialysis Unit, Dept. of Nephrology and Division of Internal Medicine, Soroka Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

Acquired infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in hemodialysis patients has been described lately. In dialysis units in Italy and France, the prevalence and incidence of HCV are 20-60% and 1-2%, respectively. Most infected patients develop chronic hepatitis. The clinical presentation of acute HCV in hemodialysis patients is very mild and therefore the diagnosis is often made only by laboratory tests. Acute infection is usually followed by mild elevation of liver enzymes and the presence of HCV-RNA and anti-HCV in serum.

We report a 48-year-old man on hemodialysis who developed acute hepatitis C. The diagnosis was made by finding mild elevation of liver enzymes and the presence of HCV-RNA in his serum. A few months later, he developed severe hepatitis which was followed by rapid deterioration in liver function. However, the virus was eradicated and liver function tests became normal. Surprisingly, serum anti-HCV antibodies were detected 5 months later.

Low Prevalence of Hepatitis G Infection in Dialysis Patients

Doron Zamir, Shimon Shtorch, Chen Zamir, Zvi Fireman, Hilkiau Zonder

Internal Medicine Dept. A, Liver Clinic, Dialysis Unit and GI Unit, Hillel Yaffe Hospital and Hadera Subdistrict Health Office

Prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection in the general western population ranges from 0.2-1.5%. In high-risk groups, such as patients with chronic liver disease, hematologic disorders and drug addicts, prevalence is as high as 10%-15%. Dialysis patients have increased rates of HGV infection (6%-50%).

We evaluated prevalence of HGV infection among dialysis patients, and the association between HGV infection and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Serum samples were screened for HGV infection by RT-PCR. Screening for HCV infection was performed by an EIA test and confirmed by RIBA and RT-PCR for HCV. Sera were also tested for HBV markers.

The study group included all 78 hemodialysis patients and 7 of the 12 peritoneal dialysis patients in our unit during September to November 1997. 4 (5.2%) were HGV-positive but none were peritoneal dialysis patients. 1 of the 12 HCV-positives was also infected with HGV. HGV infection was not associated with duration of dialysis, number of blood transfusions or levels of transaminases.

Prevalence of HGV infection among our hemodialysis patients was low (5.2%), but higher than reported for the general population. Prevalence of HGV/HCV infection in hemodialysis patients was low and unrelated to duration of dialysis, number of blood transfusions and levels of transaminases.

Danaparoid-Sodium for Dialysis in Heparin-Associated Thrombocytopenia

Ronen Ben Ami, Ruth Rachmimov, Shlomo Berliner

Medicine Dept. D and Anticoagulation Therapy Unit, Tel Aviv-Souraski Medical Center, and Nephrology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Danaparoid sodium is an anticomposed of 3 glycosaminoglycans: heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. Similar to heparin, operates by activating antithrombin 3, but does not contain heparin or heparin fragments, and is therefore antigenically distinct.

Danaparoid has been advocated as a safe and effective anticoagulant for heparin-associated thrombocytopenia. However, there is little experience in its use as a substitute for heparin in hemodialysis.

We report 2 men, aged 82 and 73 years, respectively, who developed thrombocytopenia while undergoing hemodialysis with heparin, and who subsequently underwent successful dialysis with danaparoid. There was a rise in platelet levels in both while receiving danaparoid, and dialysis was completed without hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications. Danaparoid is a safe and effective substitute for heparin, and may be used as an anticoagulant in hemodialysis.