תוצאת חיפוש

ירון ניב, קארין אחיאל

המערך לגסטרואנטרולוגיה, מרכז רפואי רבין, אוניברסיטת תל אביב

הקדמה: מִרפאה מקצועית למחלות דרכי העיכול והכבד, מיוחדת לחיילים, הוקמה במרכז הרפואי רבין בשנת 2006, במטרה לייעל את האִבחון של מחלות אלה והטיפול בהן. 

מטרה: להעריך את מהלך האִבחון והטיפול ב-500 החיילים הראשונים שהופנו למִרפאתנו, ולמדוד באופן מדויק ככל שניתן את עלויות האִבחון של מחלות דרכי העיכול באוכלוסייה צעירה זו.

שיטות: נאספו פרטים דמוגרפיים וקליניים לגבי כל חייל: גיל, מין, הסיבה העיקרית לפנייה כפי שהופיעה במכתב ההפניה, מחלות הרקע וההיסטוריה הרפואית המשפחתית. נִספרו הביקורים במִרפאה ופורטו ההפניות לבדיקות מעבדה ובדיקות דימות. לכל הפניה נמצאה ההיענות לביצוע, עלותה, מספר הבדיקות החיובית וחלקן היחסי מסך המופנים Intention to treat analysis)). בוצעה השוואה סטטיסטית בין הליכים נבחרים.

תוצאות: הסיבות העיקריות לפניה היו כאבי בטן (46.6%), שִׁלשולים (13.8%) וצרבת (9.4%). בקרב 20.6% מהמופנים היה סיפור של סרטן הכרכשת במשפחה. מתוך 608 בדיקות שעברו החיילים, 29.2% פורשו כחיוביות. תבחין נשיפת מימן להעמסת לקטוזה הומלץ ל- 9.6% מהחיילים והיה בעל התפוקה האִבחונית הגבוהה ביותר, ל-52.0% מהמופנים פורש התבחין כחיובי. תפוקה אִבחונית גבוהה הייתה גם לתבחין נשיפה להליקובקטר פילורי, גסטרוסקופיה, טומוגרפיה מחשבית של הבטן וקולונוסקופיה – 28.4%, 31.6%, 18.5% ו- 13.5%, בהתאמה. בהשוואת כל אחת מהתוצאות הללו לבדיקת על שמע של הבטן נמצאה התפוקה האִבחונית גבוהה באופן משמעותי סטטיסטי לגבי גסטרוסקופיה, תבחין נשיפה להליקובקטר פילורי ותבחין העמסת לקטוזה. ההוצאה הכללית הייתה 360,244 ₪. אבחנה משמעותית נמצאה ב- 317 חולים (63.4%). העלות הממוצעת לקביעת אבחנה משמעותית היא 1,135.4 ₪. 

לסיכום, איוש מִרפאת חיילים על ידי רופא בכיר ומנוסה וכיווני בירור מדויקים על פי הפרופיל הקליני, יכולים לחסוך בבדיקות מיותרות ובעלויות.
 

נופר בן דוד^2,1, ישי רון^3,1, אביגדור מנדלברג⁴, אריה לוין^5,1, חיים פלקסמן², אייל רוסו^2,1, יהודה רוט^6,2

¹המירפאה להפרעות בליעה, תזונה ושיגשוג בילדים, ²מח' אא"ג – ניתוחי ראש וצוואר, ³המכון לגסטרואנטרולוגיה, ⁴היח' לריאות ילדים, ⁵היח' לגסטרואנטרולוגיה, מחלקת ילדים, מרכז רפואי וולפסון, חולון, והפקולטה לרפואה סאקלר, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב, ⁶המח' למדעי בריאות הציבור, הפקולטה לרפואה, אוניברסיטת טורונטו, קנדה

הפרעות בליעה ואכילה בילדים הן בעיות נפוצות, אך אינן מוכרות היטב. הפרעות אלו יכולות לבוא לידי ביטוי בהסתמנויות שכיחות שונות, ולכן חשוב להכירן ולאבחנן היטב. מובאות במאמר הנוכחי שלוש פרשות חולים מייצגות, המדגימות את טווח הבעיות, הגישה האיבחונית ודרכי הטיפול.על-מנת לאפשר אכילה בטוחה ושיגשוג, יש לזהות היטב את הפרעות הבליעה והאכילה ולדעת מהן דרכי השיקום היעילות בכל שלב, בהתאם להתפתחות הילד. גישה זו מתאפשרת בפעילות צוות רב-תחומי, כדוגמת המירפאה להפרעות בליעה, אכילה, תזונה ושיגשוג בילדים, הפועלת בהצלחה במרכז הרפואי וולפסון.

Liver Failure with Coagulopathy in an Infant with Tyrosinemia

Moshe Nussinovitch, Gadi Campino, Rivka Shapira, Benjamin Voluvitz, Jacob Amir

Department of Pediatrics, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel

Tyrosinemia is an inherited autsomal recessive condition. We present a 5 week-old boy with this disorder. He was admitted because of a fever, vomiting and lethargy. The laboratory tests confirmed a coagulopathy with prolonged prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and a decreased serum fibrinogen. The a-fetoprotein level was markedly elevated. To confirm the diagnosis of tyrosinemia, quantitative urinary succinylacetone was measured. Although overt liver failure with coagulopathy may be part of the representation of tyrosinemia, a significant coagulopathy in the absence of overt signs of liver disease has not been emphasized as a clue to the diagnosis of this condition.

Evaluation of Laparoscopy and Laparoscopic Ultrasound in Pancreatic Lesions

P. Schachter, Y. Avni, A. Rosen, A. Czerniak

Depts. of Surgery A and of Gastroenterology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon

Pancreatic lesions present a diagnostic challenge. Even modern imaging techniques are not sensitive enough in determining resectability of pancreatic tumors. A substantial proportion of patients therefore undergo unnecessary surgical exploration. We determined the impact of laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound (LAPUS) examinations on surgical decision-making in 60 patients with pancreatic lesions.

Of 48 with solid pancreatic lesions, 22 were defined by LAPUS as having nonresectable tumors, while conventional imaging studies defined only 9 of them as such. 3 of these 9 underwent successful resections of the pancreatic mass. Surgical intervention was ruled out by LAPUS in 16 patients (33.3%) but 26 had resectable lesions of whom 25 underwent surgery. 3 of this group were found to have nonresectable tumors at surgery, a false-positive rate of 6.2%. Overall sensitivity of LAPUS in our series was 88%.

In 12 patients with cystic pancreatic lesions LAPUS contributed significantly to the preoperative decision due to clear imaging of the cystic lesion. Additional information was obtained from ultrasound guided-biopsy of the cyst wall, as well as determination of tumor-marker levels in the cystic fluid aspirate. LAPUS contributed significantly to operative management in 58%.

Extraperitoneal Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy

J. Kuriansky, A. Saenz, D. Rosin, E. Astudillo, L. Fernandez-Cruz

Dept. of General Surgery and Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Dept. of Surgery, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has recently been shown to be safe and effective for a variety of benign adrenal tumors, such as aldosterone adenoma, pheochromocytoma, nonfunctioning adenoma, Cushing's adenoma and Cushing's syndrome. Recently, laparoscopic surgeons adopted an extraperitoneal approach in which a space is created by the introduction of a trocar with an inflatable balloon tip. This technique with a minimal access procedure provides direct access to the adrenal glands without interfering with intraperitoneal organs.

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy using the extraperitoneal approach was completed in 18/20 consecutive patients. Mean operative time was 95 min (range 80-120) and median hospital stay 3 days. Blood transfusion was not required, and there were no postoperative complications.

Low Prevalence of Hepatitis G Infection in Dialysis Patients

Doron Zamir, Shimon Shtorch, Chen Zamir, Zvi Fireman, Hilkiau Zonder

Internal Medicine Dept. A, Liver Clinic, Dialysis Unit and GI Unit, Hillel Yaffe Hospital and Hadera Subdistrict Health Office

Prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection in the general western population ranges from 0.2-1.5%. In high-risk groups, such as patients with chronic liver disease, hematologic disorders and drug addicts, prevalence is as high as 10%-15%. Dialysis patients have increased rates of HGV infection (6%-50%).

We evaluated prevalence of HGV infection among dialysis patients, and the association between HGV infection and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Serum samples were screened for HGV infection by RT-PCR. Screening for HCV infection was performed by an EIA test and confirmed by RIBA and RT-PCR for HCV. Sera were also tested for HBV markers.

The study group included all 78 hemodialysis patients and 7 of the 12 peritoneal dialysis patients in our unit during September to November 1997. 4 (5.2%) were HGV-positive but none were peritoneal dialysis patients. 1 of the 12 HCV-positives was also infected with HGV. HGV infection was not associated with duration of dialysis, number of blood transfusions or levels of transaminases.

Prevalence of HGV infection among our hemodialysis patients was low (5.2%), but higher than reported for the general population. Prevalence of HGV/HCV infection in hemodialysis patients was low and unrelated to duration of dialysis, number of blood transfusions and levels of transaminases.

Sensitivity and Resistance of Helicobacter Pylori to Antibiotic Treatment

Benny Avidan, Batia Weiss, Yeuda Chowers, Anita Younash, Simon Bar-Meir, Nathan Keler

Dept. of Gastroenterology and Microbiology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Resistance to antibiotics is considered the main reason for failure to eradicate Helicobacter pylori (HP). Resistance rates are different in developed and developing countries and are not known for Israel. We studied HP resistance rates in 40 patients who underwent esophagoduodenoscopy for various indications and were found to have gastric HP colonies.

Sensitivity was determined by E-test, using clarythromycin, amoxycillin, clindamycin, erythromycin and metronidazole. The resistance rate for metronidazole was up to 67% but that for clindamycin was only 10%. HP was very sensitive to both macrolide antibiotics, erythromycin and clarythromycin.

One-Stage Surgery for Hirschsprung's Disease in Children

Mark Weinberg, Baruch Klin, Itzhak Vinograd

Dept. of Pediatric Surgery, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Traditionally Hirschsprung's disease has been treated by 2-or 3-stage procedures. During the past 6 years a 1-stage Duhamel procedure without stoma has become our treatment of choice for Hirschsprung's disease in neonates and young infants. Over a 6-year period, 15 infants and children with colonic Hirschsprung's disease were treated with the 1-stage Duhamel retro-rectal pull-through procedure without a stoma, with the Lester-Martin modification. All patients had the usual short segment aganglionosis, but 1 had a long segment which included the splenic flexure.

Early complications included wound infection in 1 and minor rectal bleeding in 3. Late complications included constipation in 1 and enterocolitis in 4. Long-term functional results were very good in all those operated except for 1 with rectal achalasia.

We conclude that Hirschsprung's disease can be successfully treated with a 1-stage pull-through operation, the child usually benefitting from the shorter hospital stay and the avoidance of a colostomy.

Multilocular Cystic Mass of the Kidney: A Diagnostic Challenge

Judy Kleinmann, Simon Negelev

Urology Dept., Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin

Multilocular cystic masses of the kidney present a diagnostic challenge because they may be malignant. Renal cell carcinoma with multilocular cysts has been reported. We present 4 cases in which the preoperative differential diagnosis was between a benign and a malignant multilocular cystic kidney mass.

Our results, combined with those of 33 previously reported cases, reveal that only 32% of cases were diagnosed correctly preoperatively. In 21% of these patients the preoperative clinical evaluation did not correctly diagnose malignancy: 24% of them yielded false negative and 21% false positive results. Angiography was more accurate than CT, US or aspiration of cysts. Frozen section was inaccurate in 55% of cases.

There is no reliable diagnostic test to distinguish between a malignant and a benign multilocular cystic mass. Invasive angiography is more accurate than other modalities. A therapeutic decision has to be made between nephron-sparing and radical surgery in each case. When nephron-sparing surgery is considered, the possible need to perform radical nephrectomy in second-look surgery must be taken into account.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Biofeedback Treatment

N. Barak, R. Ishai, E. Lev-Ran

Biofeedback Unit, Psychiatric Ward, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Irritable bowel syndrome is a group of heterogenic complaints of functional bowel disorder in the absence of organic pathology. The pathophysiology is unclear. In most cases treatment includes symptomatic remedies, antidepressants, psychotherapy and hypnotherapy.

Biofeedback has recently been introduced as a therapeutic modality. Treatment also includes relaxation techniques and guided imagery, together with computer-assisted monitoring of sympathetic arousal. Biofeedback requires active participation of patients in their healing progress and leads to symptom reduction in 2/3.

Superficial Skin Necrosis in Short Bowel Syndrome

Arie Eisenman, Rafael Enat

Dept. of Medicine B, Rambam Medical Center and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Haifa

Short bowel syndrome causes a complex of symptoms due to compromise of small intestinal nutrient absorption. A 60-year-old woman underwent major resection of the small intestine due to a road accident 3 years ago. The sole manifestation of short-bowel-syndrome was superficial skin necrosis due to vitamin K deficiency. She was asymptomatic for a long time, until treatment with antibiotics further intensified initially subclinical malabsorption.

It is not clear why there had been no other symptoms and why the main impact was on the fibrinolytic system rather than the coagulation system, as is usually the case. It is recommended that patients after major resection of the small intestine be closely monitored for coagulation function if an oral antibiotic is prescribed.

Management of Pancreatic Trauma in Damage-Control Laparotomy

Gad Shaked, Mario Golocovsky

Dept. of Surgery and Trauma Service, Soroka University Hospital, Beer Sheba and Dept. of Surgery and Trauma Service, Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC

Major pancreatic trauma challenges the trauma surgeon with diagnostic problems and choices of treatment modalities. The most important determinant guiding management is the integrity of the main pancreatic duct. The preoperative and intraoperative assessment and treatment of pancreatic injury may be difficult, especially when concurrent severe injuries are present. There are alternative approaches in the management of the traumatized pancreas when ductal injury is not obvious during initial exploratory laparotomy.

Liver Surgery - Five Years of Experience

Franklin Greif, Moshe Rubin, Eitan Mor, Israel Nudelman, Arnold Sihon, Arie Figer, Alex Belinki, Shlomo Lelcuk

Hepatobiliary Unit and Depts. of Surgery B, Transplantation, Oncology and Radiology, Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson Campus) and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Major hepatic resections have been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In the past decade or so this has changed and such procedures are now done in increasing numbers. In the past 5 years we operated on 129 patients with benign or malignant hepatic lesions (75 females, 54 males; age-range 14-84). the reason for surgery was malignancy in 94 (72.9%) and benign lesions in 35 (27.1%). The most common indication for surgery was liver metastases secondary to colorectal cancer in 45% of all patients or 61.7% of those operated for malignancy. Primary liver cancer was the cause for liver resection in 13.2% of all patients or 18.1% for those with malignancy. Of the 35 patients with benign lesions the leading causes for surgery included: giant cavernous hemangioma, simple liver cysts, echinococcus cysts and focal nodular hyperplasia (11%, 22.8%, 20% and 14.3%, respectively).

76 patients underwent anatomical resection and 63 had either a nonanatomical resection or a different operation. Among the former the most common procedure was right hepatectomy (36) and among the later a nonanatomical resection equal to 1-3 Couinod segments (44). Operating time ranged from 55 min. to 8:41 hours with a mean of 3:31‏1:37. Mean hospital stay was 8.7‏5.8 days and 86.8% received between 0-2 units of blood. Overall mortality was 6.2% and 31.2% of the fatalities had cirrhosis. Overall mortality in noncirrhotic patients was 2.6%. The complication rate was 16.3% and only 7 patients (4.4%) were hospitalized in the intensive care unit. This indicates that major liver resections can be done safely, with morbidity and mortality similar to that of other major abdominal operations. 

D-Lactic Acidosis in Short Bowel Syndrome

Ben-Ami Sela, Joseph Zlotnik, Tamar Masos, Joseph Danieli, Sarah Mazia-Beni, Anita Jonas

Institute of Chemical Pathology and Pediatric Intensive Care and Gastroenterology Units, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

A boy of 20 months and a girl of 27 months who had previously undergone massive bowel resection due to congenital intestinal obstruction are described. During grad-ual reduction of total parenteral nutrition and initiation of oral feeding, both developed severe, acute metabolic acidosis, accompanied by encephalopathy and ataxia. After the laboratory identification of massive amounts of the d-Disomer of lactic acid in urine and blood, both were successfully treated with IV bicarbonate, and metronidazole to suppress the overgrowth of colonic lactobacilli responsible for the metabolic crisis.

Brucellosis Presenting as Acute Abdomen

Nathan Kaufman, Noga Reichman, Edith Flatau

Dept. of Medicine B, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula

Usually symptoms of brucellosis are nonspecific and characterized by a wide range of complaints. Although the disease in Israel is almost exclusively food borne (caused by Brucella melitensis in unpasteurized goat milk products) so the main route of infection is the gastrointestinal tract, but gastrointestinal complications are rare, and only sporadic cases of ileitis or colitis have been described.

We present a 43-year-old woman with an acute abdomen, probably due to diverticulitis. It was diagnosed only after blood cultures were positive for Brucella melitensis. We believe that its protean manifestations should be consin addition to the other bizarre presentations of this disease, important in our region.