תוצאת חיפוש

ולדימיר שץ

כרמיאל

הפחתת מאגרים קוגניטיביים במחלת אלצהיימר (מ"א) נובעת מדילדול מוחי, אולם קיים היבט אחר של התופעה המתבטא בכך, שהמאגרים מופחתים עשרות שנים לפני התהוות המחלה. במחקרים אחדים, לא נמצא קשר בין רמת השכלה ובין שיעור וקצב החמרת השיטיון ככל ובמ"א בפרט. אולם ברוב הפירסומים, כולל רב-מרכזיים, נמצא שרמת השכלה נמוכה מעלה את שיעור קצב הירידה הקוגניטיבית לפני התחלתה ואת קצב החמרתה של מ"א. בסקירה זו סוכם מידע בסוגיה זו.

שי מרקו, אלעד לרון, משה מזור

החטיבה למיילדות וגינקולוגיה, מרכז רפואי אוניברסיטאי סורוקה, הפקולטה למדעי הבריאות, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב, באר-שבע

שיררומות רחם הן שאתות טבות ממקור של שריר חלק ומהוות גורם שכיח לדימום רחמי לא חד.

הן נפרדות מרירית הרחם, אך אינן עטופות קופסית סיבית. הטיפולים המוצעים כיום לחולות בשרירומות, כגון כריתת רחם, כריתת השרירומת עצמה וטיפולים נוספים אחרים, הם בעלי חסרונות. תיסחוף עורק הרחם באמצעות צינתור הוא טיפול חדש שהוצע על ידי Ravina וחב' ב- 1994. תיסחוף עורק הרחם הוא שיטה לא ניתוחית ומהווה כיום נקודת מיפנה בחשיבה הגינקולוגית ובטיפול בנשים עם שרירומות רחם תסמיניות המעוניינות לשמר את יכולת הפוריות שלהן. בשיטה זו מתבצע צינתור עורק הרחם וחסימת זרימת הדם לעבר השרירומות המסופקות על ידו. בסקירה זו מובאת סקירת המחקרים ותוצאותיהם בתחום חדש זה.

שרית אביאל-רונן, ברוריה שלמון ודבורה נס

העניין במחלת אלצהיימר (מ"א) חצה זה מכבר את גבולות האקדמיה והקליניקה. שכיחות המחלה העולה בכל עשור מעל העשור השישי ומגיעה לכ-50% מעל גיל 85, הופכת אותה לבעיה רפואית, חברתית וכלכלית בחברה מזדקנת. התסמינים, המתחילים בהפרעות קלות בתיפקודים שיכליים או בהפרעות באפקט, מתפתחים במהלך 5-10 שנים לחוסר התמצאות מתקדם, אובדן זיכרון ואימלות (אפזיה) ובשיאם מגיעים לשיטיון עמוק עם אובדן כושר הדיבור והניידות.

Aggressive Surgical Approach in Pancreatic Cancer - Is it Justified?

V. Catz-Snir, P. Schachter, M. Shimonov, Y. Avni, G. Gvirtz, A. Czerniak

Depts. of Surgery, Gastroenterology, and Diagnostic Radiology, Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Resection presents the only possible cure for pancreatic cancer. An aggressive surgical approach may extend the limits of resection and offer cure for more patients. 37 women and 28 men, mean age 67 years (range 33-84) with focal lesions underwent pancreatic resection (1993-1999). Cancer of the pancreatic head was found in 45, in the ampulla in 4 and in the body or tail in 16. There was a tumor larger than 5 cm in 9, vascular involvement in 8, and a combination of both in 6.

All were evaluated prior to exploration by standard imaging techniques and 44 by laparoscopic ultrasound. 42 underwent pancreatico-duodenectomy, 16 distal subtotal pancreatectomy and 3 local excision of an ampullary tumor. Benign lesions were found in 8 (focal pancreatitis in 4 and a serous cystic lesion in 4).

Curative resection (microscopically negative margins, negative lymph nodes) was achieved in 44. 2 died 1-2 months after operation of septic complications (2% operative mortality). The most frequent complication (in 8) was pancreatic fistula. Additional complications included anastomotic-line bleeding (3), intra-abdominal abscess (2), and 1 developed portal vein thrombosis (treated surgically).

1- and 2-year survival in those after curative pancreatic resection was 81% and 55% respectively. 2-year survival in those after palliative resection (positive resection margins or positive lymph nodes) was 50% and 11%, respectively.

After proper selection of those in whom it is possible to perform curative resection, regardless of size or vascular involvement, an aggressive surgical approach is justified.
 

Metallic Stents for Acute Colonic Obstruction

M. Itkin, E. Atar, H. Neuman, D. Kravarosic, Z. Fuko, M. Kaz

Radiology and General Surgery B Depts., Golda Campus; and General Surgery Dept., Beilinson Campus; Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva

The traditional treatment of acute colonic obstruction, usually caused by malignant tumor, is a 2-stage surgical procedure. The first operation is emergent and includes primary tumor resection and end colostomy followed by scheduled colostomy closure. These operations are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Recently, insertion of self-expanding metallic stents for temporary colonic decompression has been was introduced. With this new technique colostomy can be avoided in the acute phase.

In advanced colonic cancer stent-insertion is the only palliative treatment. It is done in the radiology department under fluoroscopic guidance. We present 2 cases of malignant colonic obstruction treated successfully by stent insertion.

Diagnostic Laparoscopy for Abdominal Lymphoma

D. Lev-Chelouche, D. Margal, J.M. Klausner, A. Szold

Dept. of Surgery B, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center (Affiliated with Sackler Medical Faculty, Tel Aviv University)

Imaging-guided (CT/US) percutaneous biopsy has significantly improved diagnosis of intra-abdominal lymphoma. However, in many cases the tissue retrieved may be inadequate for specialized studies such as immunophenotyping or cytogenetic analysis that may be required for a complete analysis of lymphoma or determination of therapy.

The success of diagnostic laparoscopy in the diagnosis and staging of gastrointestinal malignancies suggests that it could be used for intra-abdominal lymphomas as well. We describe our experience in 15 patients with suspected lymphoma who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy during 1995-98.

Preoperative investigation performed in all included percutaneous FNA in 9 without conclusive diagnosis. Laparoscopy was diagnostic for lymphoma in 14 (93%) while in 1 there was a false negative result due to sampling error and the lymphoma was only diagnosed at a second laparoscopy.

There was no mortality nor any major complication. Average hospital stay was 2 days and patients were then referred for further oncological treatment. Our experience shows that diagnostic laparoscopy is a safe and efficient tool and without major complications in diagnosing abdominal lymphoma.
 

Long-Term Sequelae of Malignant Tumors in Childhood

N. M. Peretz, H. Goldberg, A. Kuten, I. Meller, E. Krivoi, A. Lorber, L. Bentur, A. Lightman, V. Gorenberg, M. Ben Arush-Weyl

Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Dept., Oncology Center, Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Pulmonology and Gynecology Depts., and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit; Rambam Medical Center and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; and Orthopedic-Oncology Unit, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center and Tel Aviv University

110 children with malignant diseases (leukemia excepted) who survived 5-20 years (median 9) post-therapy were followed (1996-1998). Median age during follow-up was 15 years (range 5-23). The most common malignancies were brain tumors, lymphoma, retinoblastoma and Wilm's tumor.

The 174 late side-effects included endocrine disorders (19%), cognitive impairment (14%), orthopedic dysfunction (12%), alopecia (12%), dental damage (11%), psychological (8%) and neurological (8%) disturbances, and azoospermia or amenorrhea (5%). There was no cardiac or renal damage and no second malignancy.

29% of side-effects were severe. There was significant reduction in quality of life in 54 (49%), in 27 of whom it was severe enough to require psychological intervention. Treatment of brain tumor caused 98 late side-effects in 28 patients (sequelae-to-patient ratio [SPR] 3.3). Most cognitive, endocrine and neurological disorders, and most cases of alopecia, dental and psychological difficulties were in these patients. There were frequent late complications in those treated for retinoblastoma (SPR 1.8), and bone or soft tissue sarcomas (SPR 0.8). Those treated for Wilm's tumor had few side-effects (SPR 0.4).

Late side effects were most frequent after radiation, reaching as high as SPR 2.4. It averaged only 0.5 in those treated with chemotherapy alone or in combination with surgery.

Reduction of late side-effects in these patients requires using less toxic modalities, as long as cure rate is not compromised. When considering secondary strategies, screening for early detection of late complications would enable immediate solutions, such as hormonal replacement or providing compensating skills for post-treatment disability.
 

Surgical Repair of Myxomatous Mitral Valve

D. Bitran, O. Merin, I. Dzigivker, D.Rosenmann, S. Od-allah, S. Silberman

Depts. of Cardiothoracic Surgery and of Anesthesiology and Cardiology; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem

Myxomatous mitral valve disease is now the most common cause of mitral regurgitation in the western world. Repair of the leaking valve has become standard surgical procedure during the past 2 decades. Between 1993-1999 we performed 113 repairs of the mitral valve. In 25 patients the etiology was myxomatous degeneration (no mortality). Long-term clinical results depend on patients' functional class at surgery. Based on this fact, and the good surgical results, it is recommended to refer such patients even with severe mitral incompetence for surgery at an early stage, even if symptoms are minimal.

Diagnosis and Therapy in Acute Stroke: A Rehabilitation Center Viewpoint

M. Motin, J. Streifler, A. Tsur, H. Ring

Neurological Rehabilitation Dept., Loewenstein Rehabilitation Center, Ra'anana; Neurological Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Golda Campus, Petah Tikva and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv

The extent of the diagnostic work-up of patients with acute stroke was evaluated in 101 patients admitted for rehabilitation during a 4-month period in 1997. This included specific blood tests and neuro- and cardiac imaging, and compared the extent of work-up in a community hospital versus a rehabilitation center. Comparisons were also made with similar investigations 10 and 20 years earlier.

Results demonstrated that the trend to admit younger stroke patients (<50 years) to neurological (as opposed to medical) departments observed between 1977-1987 persisted in 1997.

The use of CT scan increased dramatically from 1977 to 1987 (19% vs 78%), and in 1997 was actually 100% The use of carotid duplex and echocardiography increased steadily during the 3 decades reaching 26% and 28% respectively. Tests for thrombophilia were seldom done. However, in neurological departments it was done in about 50% of the younger stroke patients. In neurology departments carotid duplex was done 2 to 3 times more often than in medical departments.

During rehabilitation imaging tests were done once or more in almost half the patients. The results and those of additional blood tests, have led to modification of antithrombotic treatment in 14% of the younger group and 4% of the older group.

We have clearly shown that while stroke work-up has become more comprehensive in recent years, there is still much to do in this field. Stroke units or teams in our general hospitals will increase stroke awareness, improve work-up and hasten definitive treatment.
 

Folic Acid for Preventing Neural Tube Defects

Ziv Gil, Adi Aran, Orna Friedman, Liana Beni-Adani, Shlomo Constantini

Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv

Spina bifida and anencephaly are the most common, serious malformations in neural tube defects (NTD). Randomized trials in the last 2 decades have demonstrated that folic acid, 0.4 mg/d, reduces the incidence of NTD by more than 50%. We investigated the use of folic acid and multivitamins containing folic acid in childbearing women.

Of 221 women interviewed, 67 (30%) regularly took pills containing 0.4 mg folic acid. Women with higher educational levels were more likely to take multivitamins with folic acid than were the less educated (p=0.05). Of the women who took folic acid, only 5 (7.5%) used separate folic acid tablets, before and during their pregnancy. The rest used multivitamins containing folic acid. The 5 women who took folic acid separately were college-educated and nonreligious, and they took multivitamins in addition (p>0.05).

Of the women interviewed, 58 (26.2%) were Bedouin of the Negev. 24 (41.4%) of them took pills containing folic acid on a regular basis. This percentage is higher than that in the Jewish women in the study who took folic acid for prevention of NTD (17%; p=0.038).

Most of the women took folic acid after the first trimester. Only a minority took daily periconceptional folic acid. Multivitamins containing 0.4 mg of folic acid were more popular than folic acid tablets alone. This study emphasizes the need for continuing efforts to increase consumption of folic acid and awareness of its benefits among women of childbearing age.

Regulation of Natural Medicines in Israel and Abroad

T. Lavy, B. Haran, J. Shemer, S. Shani

Israel Ministry of Health, Pharmaceutical Policy and Economics Unit; Israel Center for Technology Assessment in Health Care; Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Hand-in-hand with the public's growing interest in health care, there has been an increasing demand for natural health products considered both safe and medically effective. But many such products have not been shown to meet efficacy and safety criteria and therefore can not be registered as pharmaceuticals. On the other hand, it is quite clear that some products do have pharmacological activity and are being used for therapeutic or preventive effects.

In Israel, the marketing rules for food or dietary supplements prevent their manufacturers from claiming medicinal/healing properties that the product might have, and allow only limited health statements. But great demand for these products has created massive publication attributing medicinal indications for products whose quality, efficacy and safety have neither been examined nor proven according to accepted medical criteria.

We review the regulation and supervision of natural health products in Israel and other developed countries and find a broad range of opinions about natural health products. They range from acceptance as conventional drugs reimbursable by the health insurance, as in Switzerland and Germany, to their status as dietary supplements requiring no significant authorization or supervision, as in the USA.

Analysis of the current situation in Israel and the western world would indicate that some natural health products do possess pharmacological activity and therefore manufacturers should be allowed to make limited claims for specified therapeutic properties. A stricter set of registration regulations are needed for proof of safety, efficacy and quality of these products, but more lenient than those for registering a pharmaceutical product.

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy - 1,000 Procedures in a Surgical Department

Uri Freund, Ami Mayo, Ivan Schwartz, David Neufeld, Haim Paran

Dept. of Surgery A, Meir Hospital, Kfar Saba; and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

The first 1,000 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed in our department were reviewed. There was no operative mortality; conversion to open cholecystectomy was necessary in 2%. In the last 600 cases the rate of conversion had decreased to 0.5%. There was common bile duct injury in 0.3%, with the injuries identified during primary surgery. This clinical experience is consistent with previous studies, which proved that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and should replace open operation as the procedure of choice. 

Thrombocytopenic Purpura as Sole Manifestation of Brucellosis in a Child

Ronen Marom, Dan Miron, Herzel Gabriel, Yosef Horowitz

Pediatric Dept. A, Pediatric Infectious Disease Service, and Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Unit, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa

Thrombocytopenic purpura associated with brucellosis has rarely been described in children. The thrombocytopenic purpura is usually part of the array of manifestations of brucellosis, such as fever, malaise, arthralgia, arthritis, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy.

We describe a 4-year-old girl in whom severe thrombocytopenic purpura was the only manifestation of brucellosis which resolved after appropriate antibiotic therapy. We conclude that brucellosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenic purpura in areas endemic for brucellosis, and when there is a history of exposure to infected food products.

Dermatitis from Contact with Agave Americana

Haim Golan, Marina Landau, Ilan Goldberg, Sara Brenner

Dermatology Dept., Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center

Various plants induce dermatitis in man. There have been only a few published cases of contact dermatitis caused by Agave americana (AA).

We report intentional exposure to AA in a soldier seeking sick leave, and review our previously reported cases. Treatment with oral antihistamines and topical saline compresses resulted in subsidence of the systemic symptoms within 24h and regression of cutaneous manifestations in 7-10 days.

Physicians should be alert to the possibility of self-inflicted contact dermatitis induced by exposure to plants, especially to A. americana. Systemic signs may accompany the cutaneous lesions.

Preservation of the Larynx in Advanced Cancer

Edward Rosenblatt, Nava Siegelmann-Danieli, Jemal Zidan, Nisim Haim, Abraham Kuten

Oncology Dept., Rambam Medical Center and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa

The effectiveness of sequential chemo-radiotherapy in preserving the larynx in advanced laryngeal carcinoma was assessed. 4 Unselected patients (19 men and 2 women, mean age 60 years) with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (T3-4/N0-3) received induction chemotherapy consisting of 2-3 cycles of cisplatin (100 mg/m²) and 5-flourouracil (1000 mg/m²/day) as a continuous infusion on days 1-5 followed by definitive radiotherapy: 50 Gy to the whole neck, 70 Gy to the larynx and clinically involved nodes, using a combination of 6 MV photons and 9-12 MeV electrons.

19 of The 21 patients responded to combined therapy but there was no response to induction therapy in 2 (10%) and 2 did not complete therapy due to severe toxicity. At a mean follow-up of 40 months, 7 had undergone total laryngectomy (33%), for an overall 5-year laryngeal preservation rate of 66%. Reasons for total laryngectomy in 2 patients were no response and in 5 tumor recurrence.

Mean survival was 39 months (range 11-46 months); at last follow-up 17 of 21 were alive and disease-free, 11 of whom had a functional larynx (65% of survivors). 2 died due to disease progression and 1 due to a cardiovascular event. Sequential chemo-radiation allows laryngeal preservation in about 2/3 of surviving patients without compromising survival.