תוצאת חיפוש

מלכה יהלום, מרק גלרמן, אליסיה וישניאק, מרק ברזינס, נתן רוגין

המח' לקרדיולוגיה, בית החולים לגליל המערבי, נהריה

תרשים האלקטרוקרדיוגרם (אק"ג) הוא בעל חשיבות עליונה באיבחון אוטם שריר-הלב. דווח על מצבים קליניים (שמקורם בלב או שמקורם אינו בלב), כדלקת כפורת-הלב, קרע בוושט, כיב חודר בתריסריון, דמם מוחי תת-עכבישי, אוורת-חזה משמאל, ועל מצבים לאחר היפוך חשמלי (cardioversion), שבהם עשוי תרשים האק"ג לדמות לזה הנרשם בחולים עם אוטם שריר-הלב.

המטרה במאמר זה היא להגביר את מודעות הרופאים לאפשרות של אבחנה מבדלת בין מצבים שמקורם בלב לבין כאלה שמקורם אינו בלב, בהם תרשימי אק"ג הדומים לאלה של הלוקים באוטם שריר-הלב, זאת על-מנת לתת את המענה הרפואי הנכון ולהימנע מטיפול ממיס קרישים (thrombolytic therapy) שלא לצורך.

מובא בזאת דיווח על פרשת חולה, שבתרשימי האק"ג שעברה לאחר התקף כיפיון ניצפו שינויים בקטע ST ובגלי T, שחיקו אוטם שריר-הלב ותרשים אא"ג פתולוגי. נוסף על כך ניצפתה עלייה באנזימים מקובלים בלב (מלבד טרופונין), ובצינתור לב הודגמו כלי-דם כליליים תקינים.

אלברט פגל, משה הורוביץ, יואב מיכוביץ, מיכה רפופורט

המח' לרפואה פנימית ג', מרכז רפואי אסף הרופא, צריפין

מחלה אקטטית של העורקים הכליליים (מאע"כ) (coronary artery ectasia) היא התרחבות פתולוגית של העורקים הכליליים, ששכיחותה המתועדת עולה בהתמדה בשנים האחרונות. הגורם העיקרי למאע"כ ראשונית הוא טרשת של העורקים הכליליים. בנוסף תיתכן מאע"כ משנית להרחבה מילעורית של העורקים הכליליים וחשיפה לתרופות או לחומרים המרחיבים את כלי-הדם.

מאע"כ כרוכה בתחלואה מוגברת של הלב עקב פגיעה בעורקים הכליליים, כגון התכווצות פתולוגית של העורק הכלילי, היווצרות פקקת או בתירה של כלי-הדם הפגוע. קיימת אי-בהירות לגבי הקשר הסיבתי ותרומתו היחסית של התהליך האקטטי להסתמנויות השונות של מחלת העורקים הכליליים. אי-בהירות זו נמצאת ביסודה של המחלוקת לגבי הוריות הטיפול בחולים שאובחנו כלוקים במאע"כ.

גיל ניסים בכר, אלדד רחביה, יצחק רוסו, רמי פז, אלכסנדר בלינקי ומיה כהן

מוצא חריג (anomaly) של העורק הכלילי השמאלי, עלול לגרום לתיסמונת תעוקתית, לאיסכמיה, לאוטם חד בשריר הלב ואף למוות פתאומי בעת מאמץ.

מדווח במאמר זה על חולה עם מוצא חריג של העורק הכלילי השמאלי מהסינוס הימני, עם מהלך בין הוותין לטרונקוס הריאה כסיבה לתיסמונת תעוקתית ולאיסכמיה של שריר הלב. האבחנה שנקבעה אומתה באמצעות טומוגרפיה מחשבית (ט"מ) לוליינית (spiral CT), נוכח מימצאים לא ברורים בצינתור לגבי המהלך האנטומי של העורק הכלילי השמאלי ביחס לכלי הדם הגדולים. המטרה בדיווח על פרשת חולה זה היא להסב את תשומת הלב לגורם נדיר זה של תיסמונת תעוקתית, ולאפשרות לאבחן באופן שאינו פולשני ליקוי זה באמצעות טומוגרפיה מחשבית לוליינית.

Cortical Blindness Following Coronary Angiography 

Addie Ron, Simcha Meisel, Myra Shapiro-Feinberg,Herman O. Klein

Depts. of Medicine, Cardiology and Diagnostic Imaging,Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba

Cortical blindness has been occasionally reported as a complication after cerebral angiography, but is rare after coronary angiography. The contrast agent is believed to be responsible for the sudden development of blindness. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, it appears that the contrast agent disrupts the blood brain barrier, mostly in the occipital areas.

We report a 77-year-old man who suddenly developed transient, bilateral cortical blindness 4 hours after coronary angiography. Using contrast enhancement, the CT scan showed typical, symmetrical involvement of both occipital lobes. There were no other neurological deficits. Vision and CT findings returned to normal within 48 hours.

Investigating Chest Pain: is there a Gender Bias?

Leonardo Reisin, Chaim Yosefy, Sharon Kleir, Emil Hay, Ronit Peled, Shimon Scharf

Cardiology and Emergency Depts. and Epidemiology Unit, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon (Affiliated with Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheba)

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women is characterized by a higher morbidity and mortality in the peri-infarction and coronary bypass peri-operative periods. These epidemiological data strengthen our impression that the health system unintentionally "ignores" the high proportion of females with IHD.

The process of investigating chest pain, diagnosing IHD, and the subsequent treatment and rehabilitation, seem to differ between the genders. Time elapsed from beginning of chest pain to diagnosis of IHD seems to be longer in women than in men. Personal, educational and social factors are contributory.

Although time elapsed between diagnosis and rehabilitation is usually similar in the genders, peri-operative morbidity and mortality are higher in women. It may be that the higher rates in women are caused by delay in diagnosis and treatment, which allows worsening of the disease in women before treatment. This delay can occur during the time needed for evaluation of chest pain, from the door of the physician to diagnosis and treatment.

In our retrospective study we determined the difference in referral of men and women with chest pain to the emergency department (ED) and the attitude of physicians in the ED and medical department to chest pain in men and in women, including final diagnosis on discharge. 615 patients over 18 years referred to the ED for chest pain during 3 randomly chosen, consecutive months were studied. We found that women constituted only 39.5% of the referred patients, but the proportion hospitalized was similar to that in men. Hospitalized women were older (57.7±18.4 versus 49.7±17.8 years in men), and had more risk factors (4 versus 2 in men). Proportions of specific diagnoses on discharge from hospital were equal in the genders.

To bridge the differences and to implement education in prevention, investigation and treatment of IHD in women, we established the "Female Heart" clinic. The objective of this clinic is to reduce differences in the first step, in the process of evaluating chest pain in women, by educating and encouraging them to present early to their physicians, and by changing physicians' attituin the investigation of chest pain in women. We plan to determine in a prospective study if these goals are.

Mechanism of Primary Hypertension

Ludwig Kornel,* Arthur V. Prancan

Steroid Research Laboratory, Depts. of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, and Dept. of Pharmacology, Rush Medical Center, Chicago and *Endocrinology-Diabetes Outpatient Clinic, Kupat Holim Klalit, Jerusalem

We review various theories of the pathogenetic mechanisms of steroid-induced and essential hypertension. We investigated the possibility that a pathogenetic mechanism leading to glucocorticoid (GC)-induced hypertension or to mineralocorticoid (MC)-induced hypertension, or both, may be of critical importance in primary hypertension. We studied plasma levels of corticosterone (BK) and aldosterone (Aldo), and their concentrations in arterial and renal tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a model of primary hypertension, and in the antecedent strain WKY rats as a normotensive control. Plasma levels of BK and Aldo were found to be normal and identical in SHRs and WKYs. Tissue (intracellular) levels of BK were more than double in SHRs than in WKYs. Subsequently we examined the activity of 11b-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (11-HSD) in both aortic and renal tissues of SHRs and WKYs. 11-HSD converts BK to the corresponding 11-keto compound, 11-dehydro-corticosterone (cpd.AK), which is inactive, in view of its inability to bind to the MC receptors (and also to the GC receptors). BK, the main glucocorticoid in the rat, as well as cortisol, have high affinity for the MC-receptor (MR). Normally BK or cortisol are present in 10²-10³ times greater concentrations than Aldo in tissues possessing MR. The enzyme 11-HSD deactivates BK (or cortisol), thus protecting MC-receptors in the MC target tissues from being activated by GC. When we examined arterial and renal tissue activities of 11-HSD in SHRs, the activity of 11-HSD was only one-third that found in the WKY rats. This explained higher levels of BK in the tissues of SHR, and suggested that decreased activity of 11-HSD is a pathogenetic factor for hypertension in SHRs.

Thus, in a model of primary hypertension such as SHR, decreased activity of 11-HSD in the target tissues of MC appears to lead to glucocorticoid-induced mineralocorticoid hypertension.

Emergency Stenting for Acute Left Main Coronary Artery Closure during Cardiac Catheterization

Alberto Hendler, Oren Agranat

Catheterization Laboratory, Rama Marpeh Hospital, Petah Tikva

We report a case of acute closure of the left main coronary artery, a rare complication of diagnostic cardiac catheterization, treated by emergency stenting prior to aorto-coronary by-pass surgery. We suggest encroachment of the Judkins catheter into a calcified left main ostium, with dissection and acute thrombosis of this segment, as the possible mechanism.

Clinically, the patient's condition deteriorated to cardiogenic shock and loss of consciousness. Remarkably, there was no angiographic evidence of significant left main coronary artery disease, besides the presence of calcification in the proximal part of the left coronary system and ventricularization of coronary pressure at the time of engagement. We chose to slide quickly the angioplasty guidewire through the left main coronary artery, which allowed prompt mechanical recanalization and rapid restoration of coronary flow, with dramatic clinical and hemodynamic improvement. This relatively simple procedure allowed stenting the left main artery after brief predilation, and the patient came to by-pass surgery in excellent condition. The rationale for surgery in this case was the need for complete coronary revascularization because of significant 3-vessel coronary artery disease.

Effect of Alpha-Alpha Esterol on Plasma Cholesterol and Antioxidants

Y. Levy, E. Paster, G. Dankner, A. Ben-Amotz, J.G. Brook

Lipid Research Unit, Medical Dept. D, Rambam Medical Center; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion; and Israel National Oceanographic Research Institute, Haifa

16 patients with hypercholesterolemia were treated with an extract of alpha-alpha leaves (esterol) while on a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet. Esterol is believed to inhibit the absorption of cholesterol and bile acids and may interfere with the absorption of essential nutrients. As oxidative modification of lipoproteins is required for the process of atherosclerosis, plasma antioxidant vitamins were followed. After 4 months of treatment, plasma cholesterol decreased by 10% from 282 to 250 mg/dl (p<0.001) and LDL cholesterol by 13%, from 203 to 177 mg/dl (p<0.001). Plasma antioxidant vitamins E, A and β-carotene were unchanged. Thus, esterol has a cholesterol-lowering effect but apparently does not lower fat-soluble, plasma antioxidant vitamins. Both cholesterol-lowering and plasma antioxidant vitamins are important for the primary prevention of coronary artery disease in hypercholesterolemia.

Percutaneous Revascularization of the Left Main Coronary Artery as Coronary Artery Bypass in High Surgical Risks

Yoseph Rozenman, Chaim Lotan, Hisham Nassar, Mervyn S. Gotsman

Cardiology Dept., Hadassah-University Hospital (Ein Kerem) and Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem

Coronary artery bypass grafting is the treatment of choice for obstructive disease of the left main coronary artery. Its proximal location and easy accessibility make the left main artery an inviting target for percutaneous intervention, an approach contraindicated by the high associated risk. We describe 2 patients at high operative risk in whom the obstructed main coronary artery was successfully revascularized percutaneously. Coronary stenting and rotational ablation of calcified arteries are essential for successful outcome and minimize complications.

Skeletonized Internal Mammary Arteries for Coronary Bypass Grafting

Jacob Gurevitch, Yosef Paz, Menachem Matsa, Amir Kramer, Dimitri Pevni, Oren Lev-Ran, H. Locker, Raphael Mohr

Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sourasky-Tel Aviv Medical Center

The skeletonized internal mammary artery (IMA) is longer, and its immediate spontaneous blood flow is greater than that of the pedicled IMA, thus providing increased versatility for complete, arterial myocardial revascularization without the use of saphenous vein grafts. From April 1996 to May 1997, 583 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting here and in 415 (71%) complete arterial revascularization was achieved using bilateral skeletonized IMA. The right gastroepiploic artery was used in 57 (13%); there were 329 males (79%) and 86 women (21%); average age was 64 (30-87) and 175 (36%) were older than 70; 131 (32%) were diabetics. Average number of grafts was 3.2 (range 2-6 grafts). At 30 days, 5 (1.2%) had died and there had been 6 perioperative infarcts (1.4%), 5 CVA's (1.2%), and 6 had sternal wound infections (1.4%). Up to 1-12 months of follow-up was achieved in 409 (99%). Late mortality was 1.4% (of which 3 were noncardiac). 394 (97%) were angina-free at latest follow-up. We conclude that arterial revascularization using bilateral skeletonized IMA is safe, as postoperative morbidity and mortality are low, even in old and diabetic patients.

Angina Pectoris and the Severity of Coronary Artery Stenosis

Reuben Ilia, Sara Carmel, Carlos Cafri, Moshe Gueron

Dept. of Cardiology, Soroka Medical Center, and Dept. of the Sociology of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

The relationship between angina pectoris and the severity of coronary artery disease was evaluated in 146 patients with normal segmental and global, left ventricular, systolic performance. None had unstable angina or a previous myocardial infarction. A strong relationship was found between angina and the severity of coronary artery disease (p<0.005). Significant, stable, angina pectoris as a clinical symptom indicated advanced coronary artery disease in this selected group of patients.