תוצאת חיפוש

שרונה אמר, נגה טיבן, חאלד כרכבי, דורון חרמוני

המח' לרפואת משפחה, שירותי בריאות כללית, מחוז חיפה וגליל מערבי והפקולטה לרפואה, הטכניון, חיפה

קיימים בספרות דיווחים רבים על החשיבות של חדילה מעישון, עיסוק בפעילות גופנית ושמירה על תזונה בריאה. אין עדיין מספיק מחקרים בספרות העולמית בכלל ובישראל בפרט, המעידים שייעוץ רפואי אכן משפיע על מטופליו לשנות את אורח-חייהם. במחקר זה בחנו אם בפגישת רופא-מטופל המוקדשת כולה לנושא של רפואה מונעת ניתן לגרום לשינוי באורח-החיים של מטופלים, דהיינו הפסקת עישון, פעילות גופנית וירידה במשקל.

במחקר נכללו 88 מטופלים בגילאי 25-50. המטופלים זומנו לפגישה בת 20 דקות עם רופא-המשפחה. בפגישה קיבלו המטופלים הדרכה אישית מרופא-המשפחה בתחומים של עישון, פעילות גופנית ותזונה בריאה. ההדרכה הותאמה לכל מטופל. כעבור 6-12 חודשים, רואיינו המטופלים טלפונית. הנתונים עובדו ונותחו באמצעות תוכנת SPSS לחלונות.

מתוך 25 מעשנים, חדלו לעשן שתי מטופלות (8%); חמישה (20%) מעשנים הפחיתו מספר הסיגריות שעישנו ביום. לאחר ההתערבות חלה עלייה במספר האנשים שעסקו בפעילות גופנית קבועה – 56.1% לעומת 2.7% לפני ההתערבות. העלייה נמצאה משמעותית מבחינה סטטיסטית (p<0.001). בקרב מטופלים הלוקים בעודף-משקל (BMI 26.9-25) ובהשמנת-יתר (27>BMI) נמצאה ירידה משמעותית סטטיסטית (p<0.001) ב-BMI בעקבות ההתערבות. בקרב מטופלים בעלי משקל תקין (BMI 24.9-20) ונמוך (20<BMI) נמצאה ירידה ב-BMI – אולם היא אינה משמעותית סטטיסטית.

בעידן שבו שיקולים כלכליים מכבידים על עבודתו היומיומית של הרופא ועל החלטותיו, הראנו כי פגישה קצרה בין רופא למטופל, שאינה כרוכה בעלות גבוהה, עשויה לתרום לשינוי באורח-חייו של מטופל.

יהושע (שוקי) שמר (1,2,3), ברכה רגר (1,4)

משרד הבריאות, ישראל (1), המרכז הישראלי להערכת טכנולוגיות בשירותי הבריאות, מכון גרטנר, תל-השומר (2), הפקולטה לרפואה, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב (3), המחלקה למיקרוביולוגיה ואימונולוגיה, הפקולטה למדעי הבריאות, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב (4)

מחקר רפואי הוא תהליך שימיו כימי ההיסטוריה המתועדת. כבר לפני שלושת אלפים שנה, הוקדשו מאמצים ואמצעים לרפא מחלות ולגרום לבריאות טובה יותר, אולם רק בשלוש מאות השנים האחרונות, רתם האדם לרשותו את המדע כדי להשיג מטרות אלה ולהבין את מהות המחלות. בחמישים השנים האחרונות, הביא המחקר הרפואי לפריצות דרך שהתבטאו בהארכת תוחלת החיים ובשיפור חיי האדם. אולם, קיימת עדיין שורה ארוכה של מחלות חשוכות מרפא המחייבות להעמיק במחקר ויש צורך בהשקעות ואמצעים כדי להבין את התהוותן, מהלכן ודרך הטיפול בהן. שינויים חברתיים עולמיים מציבים אתגרים חדשים בפני מערכות הבריאות. מחלות זיהומיות כמו איידס או אבולה (ebola), התפרצות מחודשת של מחלת השחפת, העלייה בשיעור חולי הסרטן, העלייה בשכיחות השיטיון (dementia) כתוצאה מהארכת תוחלת החיים והשיעור העולה של נפגעים מנטילת סמים והגברת האלימות בחברה המודרנית, כל אלה, כמו מחלות אחרות, מחייבים הגברה והרחבה של המחקר הרפואי עם תחילת המילניום השלישי.

Anaphylactic Shock after Diclofenac Sodium 

Amnon Hadar, Gershon Holcberg, Moshe Mazor

Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

Anaphylaxis due to diclofenac sodium (Voltaren) is rare. We describe a 39-year-old woman who received a suppository of diclofenac for analgesia 6-hours after cesarean section. She developed severe angioedema and profound hemodynamic shock 10 minutes after the diclofenac, to which she had been exposed in the past without any side-effects. There are few reports of such an acute, life-threatening, multisystem reaction to this drug in the English literature.

Malaria in Travelers Returning from Endemic Areas

Andre Matalon, Amos Yinnon

Kupat Cholim Klalit, Dan-Petah Tikva District, and Dept. of Family Medicine, Tel Aviv University; and Infectious Disease Unit, Shaare Zedek Hospital and Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem

2 cases of malaria in family practice are described in a 26- and a 50-year-old woman. Both probably could have been prevented had common chemoprophylactic drugs been taken. The risk of malaria is greater than the risk of possible side-effects of the drugs commonly used by travelers for prevention. Family physicians must be aware of the possibility of malaria in young people with fever, especially those who have travelled to equatorial areas and special attention should be given to encourage chemoprophylaxis.

Referrals and Self-Referrals to an Emergency Department

Sasson Nakar, Shlomo Vinker, Yaacov Or, Mordechai Schadel, Yosi Niego, Gavriel Plotkin

Central District of General Sick Fund and Family Medicine Dept., Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Emergency Dept., Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot (Affiliated with Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem)

The Israeli health system has been undergoing major changes in recent years. Considerations of cost containment have led sick funds to open new out-of-hours services in the community to reduce visits to hospital emergency departments.

Referred and self-referred visits to our emergency department during a 1-month period were studied. Patients after trauma or whose visits resulted in hospitalization were excluded. Of the 505 encounters 56.3% were of women; the average age was 52.5±19.3 years (range 18-96). 57.4% visits were during working hours of primary care clinics ("working hours"), while the others were "out-of-hours" visits. Only 52.7% had a referral letter, 75% of them from the family physician. The quality of the handwriting in 46% was good, in 44% fair and the remaining 10% were illegible. A specific clinical question was asked in only 16% of the letters. A third of "working-hours" visits were self- referrals, rising to 64% in "out-of-hours" visits (p<0.001).

The most common diagnoses in discharge letters were: chest or abdominal pain, asthma, back pain, headache, nephrolithiasis and upper respiratory tract infection. The rate of self-referrals was relatively high throughout the day. Cost-containment efforts did not seem to eliminate self-referrals with "primary care" problems. The quality of referral letters should be improved both with regard to format and content.

Treatment of Hypertension with Losartan

R. Zimlichman

Dept. of Medicine and Hypertension, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon

The efficacy, safety and side-effects of treatment with losartan (Ocsaar) was studied for the first time in Israel in a large group of patients with mild to moderate hypertension in several community clinics. The 421 patients (51% men) aged 30-86 years (mean 58.6) received 50 mg of losartan daily, increased when necessary to 100 mg, and/or a second antihypertensive drug was given. After 4 weeks blood pressure was normalized in 344 and after 12 weeks in 363. Side-effects were minimal and treatment was effective in all age groups.

Use of Unlicensed and Off-Label Drugs in Hospitalized Children

M. Lifshitz, V. Gavrilov, R. Gorodischer

Toxicology Unit, Pediatrics Dept. A, Soroka Medical Center, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

Many drugs used in children are based on pharmacological data obtained in adults. Therefore, many drugs are either unlicensed for use in children or are prescribed outside the terms of the product license (off-label). This pilot study assessed use of unlicensed or off-label drugs in hospitalized children.

Drug orders of patients admitted to a general pediatric ward were reviewed retrospectively in a random sample. Assessment was based on the data of the Physicians' Desk Reference and the Israel Drug Compendium. 80 different drugs and 278 drug orders were written for 92 patients (0.5 months - 11 years old, mean 26.9 months) in 97 admissions. Of these 52.9% were either off-label or unlicensed. Patients received 1 or more unlicensed or off-label drugs in 64.9% of admissions. They were more often off-label than unlicensed. The main reasons for use of off-label drugs were unusual doses and inappropriate age. The main reason for unlicensed drugs was modification of a particular formulation of a licensed drug.

This pilot study indicates that use of drugs in an off-label or unlicensed manner in children is probably quite frequent in Israel. Our data emphasize the need for licensing a large number of drugs for use in children, based on the same scientific principles as in adults. Further collaborative studies in different pediatric centers in Israel, involving different types of pediatric settings (ambulatory and in-hospital), is required to evaluate comprehensively the magnitude of this preliminary finding.

Thromboembolism in Orthopedic Trauma

A. Khoury, R. Mosheiff, M. Liebergall

Orthopedic Surgery Dept., Hadassah University Hospital and Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem

Trauma increases risk of thromboembolic complications. Thus, in pelvic fractures and spinal injuries the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is about 35-60%. Half occur in the pelvic veins and are the most likely to result in pulmonary embolism. While symptomatic pulmonary embolism occurs in 2-10% of patients, more have silent pulmonary embolism. 0.5-2% of pulmonary embolisms are fatal. In lower extremity trauma the incidence of DVT is about 58%, with 18% of them in the proximal veins. Thromboembolic complications are the prime cause of morbidity and mortality among trauma patients, yet they can be prevented efficiently and cost-effectively. The arsenal of prophylactic agents includes heparin, low molecular weight heparin, and mechanical devices including inferior vena cava filters.

Follicular Splenic Lymphoid Hyperplasia Associated with EBV Infection

Boleslaw Knobel, Enrique Melamud, Sharon Nofech-Moses, Liliana Zeidel

Dept. of Medicine B and Institute of Pathology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Massive splenomegaly is defined as a spleen weighing about 10 times normal weight. We describe a 36-year-old man who had huge splenomegaly and secondary pancytopenia simulating malignant lymphoma for about 3 months. Splenectomy was necessary because of the suspicion of hematologic malignancy, especially isolated lymphoma of the spleen, and pain and mechanical abdominal disturbances.

On operation, the spleen was 25 cm long and weighed 250 g. There was florid, reactive follicular lymphoid hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical staining with CD-20(L26), CD-45Ro(UCHL), bcl-2 oncoprotein (Dakopatts), EBV (anti-EBV mol weight 60 KD, Dakopatts) was consistent with reaction to EBV infection and not with follicular lymphoma. Lack of PCR amplification using DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded splenic tissue indicated absence of a monoclonal B cell population carrying rearranged immunoglobulin genes. The lymphocytic population was proven polyclonal by the negative results of PCR for the bcl-2 gene rearrangement. EBV seroconversion from high titer antibodies of anti-EBV-VCA-IgM to negative, and from negative EBNA to positive was consistent with an apparent primary EBV infection.

We have not found on computerized search a previous report of reactive follicular splenic hyperplasia to EBV infection causing huge splenomegaly, with or without EBV-induced infectious mononucleosis.

Patient Satisfaction and Hospital Services Evaluation by Regular and Private Patients

Sara Carmel, Jonathan Halevy

Dept. of the Sociology of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of

the Negev, Beer Sheba; Sha'are Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem

"Sharap" is a private medical service integrated within our public clinic and hospital services. Clients may choose their physician by paying a fee in addition to what their health insurance agency (Kupat Holim) pays for. All other hospital services are supplied to all patients alike. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which this declared policy is maintained in practice.

During 5 months in 1997, 198 Sharap patients and 198 regular patients were interviewed in the the general surgery, cardiac surgery, ENT, cardiology, newborn and gynecology wards of this hospital. Both groups were similar in regard to cause of hospitalization, gender, age group (10-year age ranges), and length of hospitalization (at least 24 hours).

Similar levels of satisfaction with hospitalization in general and with the nursing service and with supportive services were found in both groups. However, Sharap patients were more satisfied with their physicians than regular patients (87% vs 74%, respectively). Similar results were also found using indirect measures of satisfaction. About 86% in both groups reported having achieved the goal of improvement in health. A high proportion of respondents from both groups (82% and 88%, respectively) could not distinguish between Sharap and regular patients in the ward. However, a greater proportion of regular patients (35% vs 21%) wanted more extensive explanations from their physicians regarding their treatment.

Sharap patients belonged to higher socio-economic classes than regular patients. Our evaluation indicates that although the Sharap service enables the affluent to choose their preferred physician, resulting in a different doctor-patient relationship, the service does not create a significant feeling of discrimination among hospitalized patients, and does not interfere with the high level of health services available to the public at large.

Low Prevalence of Hepatitis G Infection in Dialysis Patients

Doron Zamir, Shimon Shtorch, Chen Zamir, Zvi Fireman, Hilkiau Zonder

Internal Medicine Dept. A, Liver Clinic, Dialysis Unit and GI Unit, Hillel Yaffe Hospital and Hadera Subdistrict Health Office

Prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection in the general western population ranges from 0.2-1.5%. In high-risk groups, such as patients with chronic liver disease, hematologic disorders and drug addicts, prevalence is as high as 10%-15%. Dialysis patients have increased rates of HGV infection (6%-50%).

We evaluated prevalence of HGV infection among dialysis patients, and the association between HGV infection and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Serum samples were screened for HGV infection by RT-PCR. Screening for HCV infection was performed by an EIA test and confirmed by RIBA and RT-PCR for HCV. Sera were also tested for HBV markers.

The study group included all 78 hemodialysis patients and 7 of the 12 peritoneal dialysis patients in our unit during September to November 1997. 4 (5.2%) were HGV-positive but none were peritoneal dialysis patients. 1 of the 12 HCV-positives was also infected with HGV. HGV infection was not associated with duration of dialysis, number of blood transfusions or levels of transaminases.

Prevalence of HGV infection among our hemodialysis patients was low (5.2%), but higher than reported for the general population. Prevalence of HGV/HCV infection in hemodialysis patients was low and unrelated to duration of dialysis, number of blood transfusions and levels of transaminases.

Cryptococcal Meningitis Following Cryptococcal Pneumonia in an Immunocompetent

N. Reichman, M. Elias, R. Raz, E. Flatau

Dept. of Internal Medicine B and Infectious Disease Unit, HaEmek Hospital, Afula and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is common in the immunocompromised (especially due to AIDS), but also occurs in immunocompetent subjects. CM can complicate cryptococcal pneumonia (CP) not only in the immunocompromised but also in the immunocompetent. We describe a healthy 26-year-old man who developed a prolonged lung infection. Diagnosis of cryptococcal pneumonia was established from bronchoscopic washings. He recovered spontaneously, so no antifungal treatment was given.

4 months later he was admitted with cryptococcal meningitis and was treated successfully with amphotericin B. An extensive immunologic study revealed no abnormalities. Since CM can complicate cryptococcal pneumonia, it is recommended that patients with CP be followed, even if recovery is apparently complete.

Elastofibroma, a Rare Cause of Snapping Scapula Syndrome

Ilan Cohen, Yehuda Kolender, Josephine Isakov, Aaron Chechick, Yitzhak Meller

Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Depts. of Orthopedic Oncology and Pathology, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv

Scapular pain is a common complaint in daily orthopedic practice. A different type of scapular discomfort, the snapping scapula syndrome that occurs when smooth gliding motion of the scapula upon the chest wall is interfered with is much less common.

We studied the syndrome of periscapular pain and discomfort, and present a rare etiology: elastofibroma dorsi, a unique, benign, soft tissue-tumor with unique characteristics.

Elastofibroma appears deep to the lower scapular pole, is often bilateral, and consists of a mixture of collagen, elastic fibers and fibroblasts. We present 6 cases, in 3 men and 3 women aged 51-65.

Computerization in a Community Health Service Provider

Boaz Porter

Maccabi Health Services, Beer Sheba

As the second largest health service provider organization in Israel, we have been progressively computerized. The process was begun in 1988, focusing on improving administrative and financial processes.

Today there is a single centralized database for 6,000 users. The system monitors member eligibility, accounting procedures and clinical processes, including diagnoses, laboratory tests, imaging procedures and drug-prescribing. The potential of the computer for physician support is now being realized through integration of clinical guidelines and reminder systems into the computerized clinical record. In addition, the centralized database is used for quality improvement, facilitating cost-effective drug-prescribing and efficient use of technology.

The establishment of a computerized working environment for 2,000 physicians and 4,000 other healthcare workers serving 1.3 million patients is a unique model for the development of community health services. Data regarding demographics, disease patterns, drug-prescribing, use of new technology and costs are now readily available to all, from senior management to the individual physician in independent practice.

The computer revolution has also presented a new set of problems such patient-record confidentiality and the effect of the computer on the physician-patient encounter.

Ferritin in Adult Still's Disease

E. Flatau, N. Reichman, N. Kaufman

Dept. of Medicine B, Central Hospital of the Emek, Afula and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is characterized by a spiking fever and diverse clinical findings; the diagnosis is often delayed for months or even years. The only positive laboratory finding is neutrophilic leukocytosis. Since 1987, the diagnostic importance of elevated serum ferritin levels has been discussed in numerous papers, but is not yet among the diagnostic criteria for AOSD. We describe a case in which the finding of extreme hyperferritinemia enabled prompt diagnosis and treatment.