תוצאת חיפוש

ג'וי פלד (אולספנגר), גיל זלצמן, אלן אפטר

המרכז לבריאות הנפש "גהה", מרכז רפואי רבין, קמפוס ביילינסון פ"ת, הפקולטה לרפואה סאקלר, אוניברסיטת ת"א

שיעור האלימות בחברה המערבית בכלל ובישראל בפרט נמצא בעלייה מתמדת, והפך להיות גורם משמעותי לתחלואה ותמותה. האלימות מהווה בעיה חברתית, חוקית וסוגיה בבריאות הציבור. בחודשים האחרונים, מדווח בעיתונות הכתובה והאלקטרונית על מעשי אלימות ורצח של חולי נפש. בחלקם היו החולים בקשר כלשהו עם שירותי בריאות הנפש בעברם. בנוסף, בחלק מהמצבים בהם ננקט פשע אלים, טוען הנאשם לאי-שפיות כהגנה משפטית. בסקירה זו, נדון בשאלה האם חולי נפש בכלל וחולי סכיזופרניה בפרט אלימים יותר משאר האוכלוסייה, והאם הפשע שמבצע חולה הנפש שונה באיפיוניו מפשעים המבוצעים על ידי עבריינים שאינם חולים.

אשר ברק(1), אורי אפרתי(1), מרדכי ר' קרמר(2)

היחידה למחלות ריאות ילדים, בי"ח שיבא תל-השומר(1), המכון למחלות ריאה: מרכז רפואי ע"ש רבין, פתח תקווה(2)

בשנים האחרונות, התפתח הסיווג של מחלות דרכי הנשימה הקטנים: הסימפונונים (bronchioles). מגוון המחלות והגורמים הרבים והמשותפים לחלקם, גורמים לא פעם לבלבול. מחלות הסימפונונים מסוג ברונכיוליטיס חסימתי (bronchiolitis obliterans – ב"ח) וברונכיוליטיס חסימתי עם דלקת בהתארגנות (bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia – בחד"ה). מהווה סיבות חשובות למחלות ריאה מפושטות והסננתיות. ההכרה בהבדלים שבין שתי תיסמונות אלו מאפשרת קביעת פרוגנוזה וטיפול מתאים לחולה. בסקירה ספרותית זו מדווח על המיבנה האנטומי של הסימפונונים, הסיווג הפתולוגי והקליני של מחלות הסימפונונים. מושם דגש על המשותף והשונה שבמחלות ב"ח ובחד"ה: מהלך קליני, בדיקות רנטגן, טיפול ופרוגנוזה של כל אחת ממחלות אלו.

Diagnostic Laparoscopy for Abdominal Lymphoma

D. Lev-Chelouche, D. Margal, J.M. Klausner, A. Szold

Dept. of Surgery B, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center (Affiliated with Sackler Medical Faculty, Tel Aviv University)

Imaging-guided (CT/US) percutaneous biopsy has significantly improved diagnosis of intra-abdominal lymphoma. However, in many cases the tissue retrieved may be inadequate for specialized studies such as immunophenotyping or cytogenetic analysis that may be required for a complete analysis of lymphoma or determination of therapy.

The success of diagnostic laparoscopy in the diagnosis and staging of gastrointestinal malignancies suggests that it could be used for intra-abdominal lymphomas as well. We describe our experience in 15 patients with suspected lymphoma who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy during 1995-98.

Preoperative investigation performed in all included percutaneous FNA in 9 without conclusive diagnosis. Laparoscopy was diagnostic for lymphoma in 14 (93%) while in 1 there was a false negative result due to sampling error and the lymphoma was only diagnosed at a second laparoscopy.

There was no mortality nor any major complication. Average hospital stay was 2 days and patients were then referred for further oncological treatment. Our experience shows that diagnostic laparoscopy is a safe and efficient tool and without major complications in diagnosing abdominal lymphoma.
 

עבד אלנאסר עזב, יורי ירוסלבסקי,

המח' לפארמאקולוגיה קלינית, אוניברסיטת בן-גוריון בנגב, המרכז לבריאות הנפש, באר-שבע

כיום, מצויה ספרות רחבת יריעה המתבססת על עבודות קליניות המצביעה על כך, שליתיום (litium) לא יוכל לתת מענה לכל החולים הלוקים במחלה אפקטיבית דו-קוטבית (מא"ד), ומכך נבע הצורך בחיפוש אחר אפשרויות טיפוליות נוספות. התרופות הראשונות שיעילותן הוכחה במחקרים קליניים מבוקרים (כפולי-סמיות) הן התרופות נוגדות הכיפיון (תנ"כ), קארבאמזפין חדישות, כגון לאמוטריגין (lamorigine), שגם לגביו קיימת עדות קלינית מצטברת והולכת שהוא עוזר לטיפול במחלה אפקטיבית דו-קוטבית.

את מנגנון הפעולה של התנ"כ (המשמשות כיום לטיפול במא"ד) ניתן לסווג באופן כללי לשלושה סוגים: 1) הגבלת הירי החשמלי המתמשך (היח"מ, sustained repetitive firing) של הנירונים, המושגת דרך הארכת תקופת האיבטול של תעלות נתרן. 2) הגברת השפעת (GABA) הגורמת להשפעה מעכבת באותן סינאפסות. 3) חסימה של תעלות סידן, בעיקר של תעלות בעלות סף נמוך (T-type). עם זאת, המנגנון שעומד מאחורי היות התנ"כ הנ"ל תרופות שעוזרות לטיפול במא"ד, עדיין אינו ברור.

חשוב לציין, שהמשותף לכל התנ"כ הללו הוא יכולתן לחסות את תעלות הנתרן (voltage-activeted sodium channel blockade), אך למרות זאת, התרופה פניטואין, החוסמת ביעילות אותן תעלות נתרן, עדיין לא ניתנה כטיפול במא"ד, על אף העובדה שהיא משמשת כתרופה נוגדת כיפיון כבר קרוב לשישה עשורים. לכן, היה עניין רב לבדוק את ההפעה הנטימאנית של פניטואין ובסקירה זו, יובאו התוצאות של עבודה ראשונית שנעשתה לבדיקת השפעות אלו של התרופה בקרב חולים עם מא"ד ובחולים סכיזואפקטיביים, שבהם נמצאה השפעה חיובית של התרופה.
 

Photodynamic Therapy of Nasal Basal Cell Carcinoma

R. Haddad, M. Cohen, O. Kaplan, R. Greenberg, H. Kashtan

Dept. of Surgery, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive modality used topically for several skin cancers. We evaluated the effects of PDT on basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the nose, using aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as a photosensitizer and a non-laser light source (Versa-LightTM). The advantages of this light source are synergistic, hyperthermia and fewer side effects.

A paste of 20% ALA was applied topically to biopsy-proven BCC of the nose. Lesions were covered with occlusive light-shielding dressing and after 18 hours they were submitted to 10 minutes of exposure to the light. Initial evaluation was made after 21 days and every 3 months thereafter. Patients who did not respond after 2 treatments were referred for surgery.

Mean follow-up in 31 patients was 19 months (range 6-36). There were no significant side-effects. There was complete response in 24/27 (88.9%), in whom there was recurrence in 2/27 (7.4%).
 

Antioxidant Profile of Human Saliva and its Biological Significance

R. M. Nagler, A. Z. Reznick

Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Salivary Clinic and Oral Biochemistry Laboratory; Rambam Medical Center and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa

Saliva is the first biological medium to come in contact with materials entering the body through the oral cavity. These materials are contained in food and drink (or inhaled as volatile ingredients). Accordingly, saliva contains various defense mechanisms which have been thoroughly investigated. They include immunological and enzymatic systems aimed at pathological microorganisms. Saliva also can protect the mucosa against mechanical insults and when required, promote its healing via agents such as the epidermal growth factor.

Another defense mechanism in saliva which has been gaining increased attention and seems to be of paramount importance is its antioxidant system. We discuss both the molecular and enzymatic components of the salivary antioxidant system in respect to mixed, parotid, submandibular and sublingual saliva and under various physiological conditions of secretion.

Burch Laparoscopic Procedure for Repairing Proven Stress Incontinence

Moshe Bustan, Shabtai Romano, Raed Salim, Jacob Rosenman, Eliezer Shalev

Depts. of Obstetric and Gynecology and of Urology, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula

There are more than 200 procedures for repairing stress urinary incontinence. We evaluated the safety and efficiency of the Burch laparoscopic procedure in 32 women with urodynamically proven genuine stress incontinence.

Mean operating time was 40 minutes and mean hospitalization time after the procedure was 30 hours. The cure rate was 97%, similar to that rin other studies (80-95%). The major complications w2 cases (6.2%) of unintended bladder injury, diagnosed and repaired laparoscopically. Although follow-up has only been for 3-42 months, the high cure rate and safety and advantages of laparoscopy over laparotomy, make laparoscopic Burch colposuspension the procedure of choice for repairing stress incontinence.

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy - 1,000 Procedures in a Surgical Department

Uri Freund, Ami Mayo, Ivan Schwartz, David Neufeld, Haim Paran

Dept. of Surgery A, Meir Hospital, Kfar Saba; and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

The first 1,000 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed in our department were reviewed. There was no operative mortality; conversion to open cholecystectomy was necessary in 2%. In the last 600 cases the rate of conversion had decreased to 0.5%. There was common bile duct injury in 0.3%, with the injuries identified during primary surgery. This clinical experience is consistent with previous studies, which proved that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and should replace open operation as the procedure of choice. 

Problems in Fetal Monitoring: Characteristics of Risks for Malpractice Suits

Moshe D. Fejgin, Yael Gershtanski, Talia Halamish-Shani

Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Hospital, Kfar Saba; and Medical Risk Management Co., Tel Aviv

Medical malpractice suits in obstetrics comprise about 10% of all claims against medical institutions in Israel. A significant proportion are due to failures relating to fetal monitoring. We studied the characteristics of 102 of 4125 obstetrical cases reported to the Medical Risk Management Co. as being at risk for a malpractice suit.

The cases were divided into those with medical management failures (misinterpretation of fetal monitor tracing, failure to respond promptly to fetal monitoring indicating distress, etc.) and technical failures (loss of monitor tracings, interruption in the tracing at a critical time, unreadable tracings, etc.).

The monetary quantum in fetal monitoring failures exceeded $30,000,000. The majority of these failures could have been avoided by using central electronic fetal monitoring systems with alerting and archival capabilities.

Marked Creatine-Phosphokinase Elevation in Myopathy after Treatment with Bezafibrate

G. Slobodin, D. Yeshurun

Medicine A Dept. and Hyperlipidemia Clinic, Bnai Zion Medical Center,Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Technion-Institute of Technology, Haifa

Bezafibrate is a fibric acid derivative which has been widely used in the past 15 years. Recent studies have elucidated much of its mechanism of action, which mainly results in reduction of VLDL and triglyceride levels and in elevation of HDL. The drug is relatively safe and its side-effects well known, mild, and reversible.

The most severe side-effect is myositis, varying from mild flu-like symptoms to rhabdomyolysis, which is extremely rare. The underlying situations most frequently associated with bezafibrate-induced myositis are renal insufficiency and concomitant treatment with certain other drugs.

We describe 2 women who developed severe myositis with bezafibrate treatment. 1, aged 43, who had moderate diabetes but no renal insufficiency, was treated with metformin and warfarin, which can interact with bezafibrate and affect its metabolism. The other, aged 54, had renal insufficiency and was on home peritoneal dialysis. Her bezafibrate dose had been increased because of very high triglyceride levels.

The aim of the study is to call attention to this significant side-effect of benzafibrate and to ways of preventing it.

Hospitalization for Renal Colic: Epidemiological Features and Clinical Manifestations

Yahav Oron, Amir Shahar, Eran Dolev

Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Israel Defense Forces Medical Center; Meir General Hospital, Sapir Medical Center, Kfar Saba; and Dept. of Medicine H, Sourasky-Tel Aviv Medical Center

The medical records of all patients referred to the emergency department (ED) of Sheba Medical Center for renal colic during 1996 were analyzed. Patients discharged from the ED and those hospitalized were compared.

There was no significant difference between the 2 groups with regard to average age or sex distribution. Statistically significant differences were found with regard to frequency of chills and fever, history of renal colic, referral for renal colic during that year or hospitalization for renal colic or nephrolithiasis, previous positive imaging, stone removal by surgery or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, fever exceeding 37.5^o and administration of fluids, pethidine or pramin in the ED, prolonged stay in the ED and previous appendectomy.

A conditional regression model tested the predictive value of each of those factors. Inclusion of independent variables into the model led to an overall correct classification rate of 84.43%, with 44.83% sensitivity and 93.16% specificity. There were correlations between referrals for renal colic, overall renal colic rate and average monthly temperature, so there was no pure correlation between average monthly temperature and referrals to the ED for renal colic.

The major indications for hospitalization were actually the clinical ones, indicating either an active metabolic disease or suspected obstruction of the urinary tract. Treatment in the ED and duration of the visit indicated disease severity.

Relationship between Occupation and Clinical Characteristics during Pregnancy and Recommendation to Stop Working

S. Gazit-Nissim, E. Sheiner, M. Mazor, I. Shoham-Vardi

Depts. of Epidemiology and Health Services Evaluation, and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center and Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

We examined the relationship between occupation and clinical characteristics during pregnancy and medical recommendations to stop working. Using a case-control design, we compared 58 working women who had preterm births, with 126 who had delivered at term. All women were interviewed postpartum while still in hospital.

There were no differences between the groups with regard to physical activity outside the home, weekly work hours, nor duration of work. Only a small proportion had been exposed to unusually difficult working conditions, to hazardous agents or to a very uncomfortable working environment. Women who had had preterm births were advised more often to leave their jobs or modify their working patterns. Multivariate analysis revealed that the physician's decision to recommend cessation of work was influenced primarily by complications during the current pregnancy.

It appears that our patients at risk for preterm birth are probably correctly identified, and receive appropriate guidelines as to working patterns. It is possible that a poor obstetric history or previous abortions may paradoxically have a protective effect, as they influence the physician to recommend cessation of work.

Laparoscopic Ultrasound in Predicting Resectability of Choriocarcinoma

M. Shimonov, P. Schachter, G. Gvirtz, Y. Avni, A. Rosen, A. Czerniak

Depts. of Surgery, Ultrasound, and of Gastroenterology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Cholangiocarcinoma accounts for about 1% of all malignant tumors. They are difficult to diagnose because of their small size and their location. Although surgical resection is the best therapeutic approach, most patients undergo unnecessary exploratory laparotomy due to incorrect preoperative diagnosis.

We present our experience with laparoscopic ultrasound (LU) in the evaluation of cholangiocarcinoma and determination of tumor spread and vascular involvement. Of 25 patients referred for surgery, 6 were excluded following LU and were referred instead for palliative treatment. Diagnosis of the tumor was successful in 92%, and vascular involvement was diagnosed in 46%. LU should be an integral diagnostic test in the evaluation of choriocarcinoma.

Jet Lag Causing or Exacerbating Psychiatric Disorders

Gregory Katz, Rimona Durst, Josef Zislin, Hilla Knobler, Haim Y. Knobler

Kfar Shaul Mental Health Center, Jerusalem (Affiliated with the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem)

Desynchronization of circadian rhythmicity resulting from rapid travel through at least 4 time zones leads to symptoms of jet lag syndrome. The most commonly experienced symptoms in normal individuals are sleep disorders, difficulties with concentrating, irritability, mild depression, fatigue, and gastrointestinal disturbances.

There is strong evidence relating affective disorders to circadian rhythm abnormalities, such as occur in jet lag. Less convincing suggestions relate jet lag to psychosis. We presume, relying on the literature and our accumulated experience, that in predisposed individuals jet lag may play a role in triggering exacerbation of, or de novo affective disorders, as well as, though less convincing, schizophreniform psychosis or even schizophrenia. An illustrative case vignette exemplifies the possible relationship between jet lag following eastbound flight and psychotic manifestations.

Decompression Sickness in Divers Treated at the Israel Naval Medical Institute 

A. Gil, A. Shupak, H. Lavon, Y. Adir

Israel Naval Medical Institute, Israel Defense Forces, Haifa

Clinical characteristics of 125 divers treated for decompression sickness (DCS) in the hyperbaric multiplace chambers of this Institute during 1992-1997 were analyzed retrospectively. In 62 (51%) the diagnosis was DCS Type I (joint pain or skin involvement) and in 60 (49%) DCS Type II (neurological, inner ear or pulmonary disease). Risk factors for the evolution of DCS were depth and duration of the dives involving accidents, violation of recommendations of the decompression tables, and repeated dives.

Results were available for 112 of the 125 patients. 54 of them (48%) recovered completely, and another 54 recovered partially; 4 did not respond to treatment. Inner ear DCS was less responsive to hyperbaric oxygen treatment (p=0.0001). There was significant improvement of neurological function in those with severe neurological injury (p=0.0001). Rapid diagnosis and transportation of divers with DCS to a hyperbaric chamber is of crucial importance.