תוצאת חיפוש

דניאל שם טוב, אלכס לבנטל, יצחק ברלוביץ ודניאל ויילר-רבאל

מראשית שנת 1997 פועלת בישראל תוכנית לאומית למיגור השחפת, הבאה לתת מענה לעלייה בתחלואה במחלה, בעיקר בשל עלייה והגירה ממדינות אנדמיות לשחפת. התוכניות מבוססת על הנחיות אירגון הבריאות העולמי. יישום התכנית התאפשר הודות לצעדים חוקתיים, מנהליים והקצאת תקציבים ייעודיים, ביוזמת משרד הבריאות ובתיאום עם קופות החולים.

המטרה במאמר זה היא לדווח על התוכנית הלאומית החדשה בהיבט הכולל – הן התיאורטי והן המעשי. עיקר התוכנית הוא טיפול בהשגחה ישירה (DOT - Directly Observed Therapy) והוא מרוכז בתישעה מרכזים אזוריים בפיקוח מלא של משרד הבריאות. ריכוז יוצר מסות קריטיות של חולים ומאפשר, לפיכך, את ההשקעה עתירת העבודה הכרוכה בטיפול בהשגחה ישירה, בעלות-תועלת סבירה. הטיפול היומיומי נעשה במיסגרת מירפאות הקהילה ובפיקוח לשכות הבריאות. כשנדרש אישפוז – מצב נדיר במיסגרת התוכנית החדשה – ניתן לבצעו בשתי מחלקות ייעודיות המצוידות באמצעי בידוד מודרניים. שירותי המעבדה מרוכזים אף הם בשתי מעבדות ארציות, המספקות בדיקות רגישות לתרופות תוך זמן קצוב. החיוב בעד שירותים אלה נעשה על-פי תימחור גלובלי, לפי סיווג החולה על-פי קביעת קופות-החולים, ללא צורך בטופסי 17. כמו-כן, הוקמה מערכת ניטור ובקרה על-ידי המחלקה לשחפת ולאיידס במשרד הבריאות, על-מנת להערכיך את מימוש התוכנית הלכה למעשה.

במהלך השנתיים הראשונות להפעלת התוכנית, תועדה עלייה בשיעור חולי השחפת המסיימים את הטיפול מ-54% ל-93%.

Surgery in Patients over 100 Years of age 5-Year Experience (1995-2000)

Victor Ginzburg¹, Gabriel Szendro¹, Luis Golcman¹, Natan Weksler², Shemuel Yurfest¹, Yefim Charach¹

The Departments of Vascular Surgery¹ and Anesthesiology², Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheba, Israel

The age distribution of a given national population is of utmost importance when dealing with public health and analyzing the use of various national health facilities. This is based on the totally different use of health sources by different age groups. Despite continuous prolongation of life expectancy and the related aging of the western hospitalized population the sub-group of patients over 100 year old of age is unusual demographically and accounts for only a very small portion of the total number of patients hospitalized in surgical wards. During the 5 year experience between 1995 and 2000 seventeen such patients were admitted to our surgical departments. Eight of those underwent 11 operations with zero peri-operative mortality and no significant complications. These 11 operations in this elderly population are the basis of our report.

Patient Satisfaction and Hospital Services Evaluation by Regular and Private Patients

Sara Carmel, Jonathan Halevy

Dept. of the Sociology of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of

the Negev, Beer Sheba; Sha'are Zedek Medical Center and Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem

"Sharap" is a private medical service integrated within our public clinic and hospital services. Clients may choose their physician by paying a fee in addition to what their health insurance agency (Kupat Holim) pays for. All other hospital services are supplied to all patients alike. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which this declared policy is maintained in practice.

During 5 months in 1997, 198 Sharap patients and 198 regular patients were interviewed in the the general surgery, cardiac surgery, ENT, cardiology, newborn and gynecology wards of this hospital. Both groups were similar in regard to cause of hospitalization, gender, age group (10-year age ranges), and length of hospitalization (at least 24 hours).

Similar levels of satisfaction with hospitalization in general and with the nursing service and with supportive services were found in both groups. However, Sharap patients were more satisfied with their physicians than regular patients (87% vs 74%, respectively). Similar results were also found using indirect measures of satisfaction. About 86% in both groups reported having achieved the goal of improvement in health. A high proportion of respondents from both groups (82% and 88%, respectively) could not distinguish between Sharap and regular patients in the ward. However, a greater proportion of regular patients (35% vs 21%) wanted more extensive explanations from their physicians regarding their treatment.

Sharap patients belonged to higher socio-economic classes than regular patients. Our evaluation indicates that although the Sharap service enables the affluent to choose their preferred physician, resulting in a different doctor-patient relationship, the service does not create a significant feeling of discrimination among hospitalized patients, and does not interfere with the high level of health services available to the public at large.

Computerization in a Community Health Service Provider

Boaz Porter

Maccabi Health Services, Beer Sheba

As the second largest health service provider organization in Israel, we have been progressively computerized. The process was begun in 1988, focusing on improving administrative and financial processes.

Today there is a single centralized database for 6,000 users. The system monitors member eligibility, accounting procedures and clinical processes, including diagnoses, laboratory tests, imaging procedures and drug-prescribing. The potential of the computer for physician support is now being realized through integration of clinical guidelines and reminder systems into the computerized clinical record. In addition, the centralized database is used for quality improvement, facilitating cost-effective drug-prescribing and efficient use of technology.

The establishment of a computerized working environment for 2,000 physicians and 4,000 other healthcare workers serving 1.3 million patients is a unique model for the development of community health services. Data regarding demographics, disease patterns, drug-prescribing, use of new technology and costs are now readily available to all, from senior management to the individual physician in independent practice.

The computer revolution has also presented a new set of problems such patient-record confidentiality and the effect of the computer on the physician-patient encounter.

The Israeli Pharmaceutical Market

Segev Shani, Joshua Shemer

Pharmaceutical Policy and Economics Unit, Israeli Center for Health Technology Assessment in Health Care, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

The pharmaceutical market in Israel has undergone many major changes over the past 2 years. We detail measures taken with regard to drug prices and utilization, from 1992 until 1995, when the National Health Insurance Law was implemented. This provides an information base for marketing and dispensing of drugs, economic planning in the public health system, and for physicians and pharmacists in clinical practice.

The national expenditure on pharmaceuticals in 1994 was 9.4% of the annual national health expenditure. From this fact, and the number of registered drugs and the number of clinical trials conducted, it appears that our pharmaceutical market is quite diversified and well developed compared to other markets in the western world. This size advantage enables our sick funds to purchase drugs at much lower prices than the private sector.