תוצאת חיפוש

דב וירגיליס

שירותי בריאות כללית, מחוז שרון-שומרון, מרכז בריאות הילד חדרה, מרפאת ריאות ילדים

לייפת כיסתית (ל"כ) היא המחלה התורשתית, קצובת החיים השכיחה ביותר באוכלוסייה הלבנה. המחלה היא רב-מערכתית ופניה רבים ומגוונים. מרבית חולי ל"כ ילקו באי ספיקת לבלב (אס"ל), מצב שבו החולה אינו יכול לעכל ולא לספוג מזון, ועליו ליטול תוספות של אנזימים בזמן הארוחה על מנת לשפר את הספיגה.

הגן ל-ל"כ מקודד לחלבון המכונה – cystic fibrosis transmembrame conductance regulatot (CFTR) הממוקם על-פי ממברנת תאי האפיתל, ומהווה תעלת כלור המשופעלת באמצעות cAMP.

המוטציות ל-ל"כ סווגו בהתאם לחומרת מחלת הלבלב, לזני סוגים עיקריים: מוטציות חמורות ומוטציות קלות. חולים הומוזיגוטים לשתי מוטציות חמורות יתאפיינו לרוב בתסמינים קשים של המחלה, כולל אס"ל. חולים הנושאים מוטציה קלה אחת לפחות, יתאפיינו בד"כ בתסמינים קלים יותר של המחלה, ללא אס"ל והפרוגנוזה שלהם תהיה טובה יותר. עובדות אלה מצביעות על השולטניות של המוטציות הקלות, המאפשרת פעילות שאריתית של ה-CFTR, ומונעת התפתחות אס"ל.

במיון אחר של המוטציות, על-פי מנגנוני הפעילות המולקולתית שבהן המוטציות השונות פוגעות בתיפקוד ה-CFTR, מתהוות חמש קבוצות. המוטציות המשתייכות לקבוצות 1,2 ו-3 הן מוטציות חמורות. בחולים אלה לא מתקיימת פעילות של הCFTR ומחלתם לרוב קשה וכוללת אס"ל. המוטציות המשתייכות לקבוצות 4 ו-5 הן מוטציות קלות, בחולים אלה מתקיימת פעילות שאריתי של ה-CFTR ומחלתם אינה כוללת אס"ל.

ההתקדמות הרבה שחלה בשנים האחרונות בפיתוח שיטות לזיהוי מוטציות ל-ל"כ, ופיתוחה של השיטה למדידת הפרש הפוטנציאלים ברירית האף, הרחיבו בצורה משמעותית את מיגוון המחלות הנגרמות על-ידי פגם ב-CFTR, ובאופן פרדוקסי סיבכו את הדרך לאיבחון המחלה במקום לפשט אותה. עד שייקבעו מדדים חדשים לאיבחון המחלה יש לבססו בעיקר על הנתונים הקליניים ופחות על הוכחה מעבדתית.

Aggressive Surgical Approach in Pancreatic Cancer - Is it Justified?

V. Catz-Snir, P. Schachter, M. Shimonov, Y. Avni, G. Gvirtz, A. Czerniak

Depts. of Surgery, Gastroenterology, and Diagnostic Radiology, Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Resection presents the only possible cure for pancreatic cancer. An aggressive surgical approach may extend the limits of resection and offer cure for more patients. 37 women and 28 men, mean age 67 years (range 33-84) with focal lesions underwent pancreatic resection (1993-1999). Cancer of the pancreatic head was found in 45, in the ampulla in 4 and in the body or tail in 16. There was a tumor larger than 5 cm in 9, vascular involvement in 8, and a combination of both in 6.

All were evaluated prior to exploration by standard imaging techniques and 44 by laparoscopic ultrasound. 42 underwent pancreatico-duodenectomy, 16 distal subtotal pancreatectomy and 3 local excision of an ampullary tumor. Benign lesions were found in 8 (focal pancreatitis in 4 and a serous cystic lesion in 4).

Curative resection (microscopically negative margins, negative lymph nodes) was achieved in 44. 2 died 1-2 months after operation of septic complications (2% operative mortality). The most frequent complication (in 8) was pancreatic fistula. Additional complications included anastomotic-line bleeding (3), intra-abdominal abscess (2), and 1 developed portal vein thrombosis (treated surgically).

1- and 2-year survival in those after curative pancreatic resection was 81% and 55% respectively. 2-year survival in those after palliative resection (positive resection margins or positive lymph nodes) was 50% and 11%, respectively.

After proper selection of those in whom it is possible to perform curative resection, regardless of size or vascular involvement, an aggressive surgical approach is justified.
 

Solid and Papillary Pancreatic Neoplasm 

Michal Soudack, Alon Ben-Nun, Leonid Malkin, Moshe Hashmonai

Depts. of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery A and B, and Pathology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa

Solid and papillary neoplasm of the pancreas is an interesting and rare malignant tumor. It occurs most commonly in young women. It was first described in 1959 and since then has been referred to by different names, including solid and cystic tumor, solid and cystic epithelial neoplasms, and others. Its malignant potential is low and metastasis is very rare.

Treatment includes partial pancreatectomy with full resection of the tumor. The prognosis is generally very good. We present 3 women (aged 17, 19, 39) diagnosed and treated for solid and papillary neoplasm of the pancreas. The unique clinical, histological, and epidemiological characteristics of this tumor are detailed.

Evaluation of Laparoscopy and Laparoscopic Ultrasound in Pancreatic Lesions

P. Schachter, Y. Avni, A. Rosen, A. Czerniak

Depts. of Surgery A and of Gastroenterology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon

Pancreatic lesions present a diagnostic challenge. Even modern imaging techniques are not sensitive enough in determining resectability of pancreatic tumors. A substantial proportion of patients therefore undergo unnecessary surgical exploration. We determined the impact of laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound (LAPUS) examinations on surgical decision-making in 60 patients with pancreatic lesions.

Of 48 with solid pancreatic lesions, 22 were defined by LAPUS as having nonresectable tumors, while conventional imaging studies defined only 9 of them as such. 3 of these 9 underwent successful resections of the pancreatic mass. Surgical intervention was ruled out by LAPUS in 16 patients (33.3%) but 26 had resectable lesions of whom 25 underwent surgery. 3 of this group were found to have nonresectable tumors at surgery, a false-positive rate of 6.2%. Overall sensitivity of LAPUS in our series was 88%.

In 12 patients with cystic pancreatic lesions LAPUS contributed significantly to the preoperative decision due to clear imaging of the cystic lesion. Additional information was obtained from ultrasound guided-biopsy of the cyst wall, as well as determination of tumor-marker levels in the cystic fluid aspirate. LAPUS contributed significantly to operative management in 58%.

Thoracoscopic Splanchnicectomy for Intractable Pancreatic Pain

Joseph Kuriansky, Alejandro Saenz, Laureano Fernandez-Cruz

Dept. of Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; and Dept. of Surgery, Clinic Hospital, Barcelona

Intractable pain is the most distressing symptom in nonresectable pancreatic carcinoma and in chronic pancreatitis. Recently, thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy has been advocated as a minimally invasive method of pain control in these patients. Between May 1995 and April 1998, 24 patients with nonresectable pancreatic cancer and 4 with chronic pancreatitis, underwent 43 thoracoscopic splanchnicectomies. All suffered from intractable pain, were opiate-dependent and unable to perform normal daily activities. Unilateral left splanchnicectomy was done in 13 and bilateral in 15.

All procedures were completed thoracoscopically. Operative time ranged from 25 to 60 min and mean hospital stay was 3 days. Median pain intensity was reduced by 50% in 24 and no further narcotics or analgesics were required. We found thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy a safe and effective procedure for intractable pancreatic pain.

Management of Pancreatic Trauma in Damage-Control Laparotomy

Gad Shaked, Mario Golocovsky

Dept. of Surgery and Trauma Service, Soroka University Hospital, Beer Sheba and Dept. of Surgery and Trauma Service, Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC

Major pancreatic trauma challenges the trauma surgeon with diagnostic problems and choices of treatment modalities. The most important determinant guiding management is the integrity of the main pancreatic duct. The preoperative and intraoperative assessment and treatment of pancreatic injury may be difficult, especially when concurrent severe injuries are present. There are alternative approaches in the management of the traumatized pancreas when ductal injury is not obvious during initial exploratory laparotomy.

Islet Autoantibody Assays in Type I Diabetes can Replace ICA Test

Daniel Lazar, Naomi Weintrob, Natalia Abramov, Sara Assa, Konstantin Bloch, Regina Ofan, Hadassa Ben-Zaken, Pnina Vardi

Institute for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University

Islet cell antibodies (ICA) continue to serve as the basis of the principal serological test for definition of active autoimmunity of beta-cells. Its disadvantages are the need for human pancreatic tissue and difficulty in obtaining quantitative results. In the past decade biochemically-defined beta-cell antigens were described, leading to the development of sensitive and specific autoantibody assays, to predict insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We examined the value of combined biochemically-based serological assays, such as autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and ICA512 (ICA512A) to replace the traditional ICA assay.

Blood samples of 114 newly diagnosed IDDM patients, aged 12‏5 yrs (range 2 months - 29 years) were tested for ICA (indirect immunofluorescence), IAA, GADA and ICA512A (radiobinding assay). The latter 2 assays were performed using recombinant human [35S]-labeled antigen produced by in vitro transcription/translation. We found that fewer sera scored positive for ICA and/or IAA (80.7%, 92/114) than for 1 or more of IAA, GAD, or ICA512 (88.6%, 101/114). We conclude that combined testing for IAA, GAD and ICA512 can replace the traditional ICA/IAA test to predict IDDM and is helpful in the differential diagnosis of insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetes.