תוצאת חיפוש

יגאל אפרתי, גד לוטן, ברוך קלין, לב זלוטקביץ

המח' לכירורגיית ילדים, מרכז רפואי אסף-הרופא, צריפין, הפקולטה לרפואה סאקלר, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב

בעבודה זו מדווח על ניסיוננו במהלך 8 השנים האחרונות בטיפול באשך שלא מושש (אש"מ) בשיטה לאפרוסקופית.

מאה-שלושים-ושלושה ילדים שגילם נע מ-8 חודשים עד לאפרוסקופיה איבחונית. המשולבת לעתים בכריתת אשך, בוצעה ב-59 ילדים עם ניוון אשכים. בשבעים-וארבעה ילדים אובחן אשך תוך-בטני (55.6%). מימצא דו-צדדי אובחן ב-10 ילדים (7.5%). בעשרים-ואחד ילדים (15.7%) היה האשך ממוקם בסמוך לטבעת הפנימית, ובהם בוצעה אורכידופקסיה מיידית בסיוע לאפרוסקופיה, ביתר 53 הילדים (39.8%) בוצע תיקון בשני שלבים לפי פאולר-סטיפנס.

במעקב אחר קבוצה זאת ניצפה ניוון של האשך ב-4 ילדים בלבד.

התוצאות הטובות המדווחות במירב הסדרות שפורסמו בדומה למימצאינו המדווחים במאמר זה, מציבות את השיטה הלאפרוסקופית לטיפול באש"מ כשיטה המועדפת מבחינת הדיוק המוחלט באיבחון, שיעור הסיבוכים והתחלואה הנמוכים והצלחת הטיפול.

יאיר ליאל

בעוד רבים רואים באוסטיאופורוזיס מחלה מיגדרית (gender) של נשים, הצטבר מידע רב על האפידמיולוגיה, הפתופיסיולוגיה והטיפול באוסטיאופורוזיס בגברים. המסקנות העולות מהמחקרים מצביעות על בעיה שהיקפה מצוי במגמת עלייה, אם כי לא בהיקף המדווח בנשים. גורמי הסיכון לשברים בגברים דומים במידה רבה לאלה בנשים. למרות הבדלים בפתופיסיולוגיה של אוסטיאופורוזיס בין המינים, גברים מגיבים לטיפולים נגד אוסטיאופורוזיס בדומה לנשים. על רקע המידע הקיים, מומלץ על החלת צעדי מנע (prevention) בסיסיים (תוספי סידן וויטאמין D, פעילות גופנית) ועל קביעת מדיניות לטיפול בתרופות, על מנת לטפל בגברים המצויים בסיכון גבוה לאוסטיאופורוזיס.

יובל חלד, יורם אפשטיין, יאיר שפירא, דני מורן,

חיל הרפואה, היחידה לפיזיולוגיה צבאית ומכון הלר למחקר רפואי, מרכז רפואי שיבא, תל-השומר

מרבית הספרות המדעית הדנה בנושא ויסות חום הגוף במנוחה ובמאמץ התמקדה במהלך השנים בעיקר בגברים. יחד עם זאת, כבר בשנות ה-40 דווח על הבדלים בין המינים בנושא ויסות החום. ההתעניינות בנושא גברה החל משנות ה-70 במקביל לשילובן של נשים במקצועות התובעים מאמץ גופני בתנאי אקלים קשים (בעיקר בהקשר הצבאי אך גם בתחום הספורט), בסקירה הנוכחית נתמקד בשווה ובשונה בין המינים במנגנון ויסות החום, בהמשך לסקירתנו בנושא "שילוב נשים במערך הלוחם – היבטים פיזיולוגיים".

ח' מצקין, י' קוור, א' שטנגר, ר' אגאי, נ' אסנה, ע' מרימסקי

המחלקות לאורולוגיה ואונקולוגיה, מרכז רפואי סוראסקי, תל-אביב, והפקולטה לרפואה, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב

סרטן הערמונית הוא השאת השכיחה ביותר בגברים מבוגרים. הטיפול בלוקים במחלה מוקדית המוגבלת לבלוטה הוא בניתוח או בהקרנות. בעשור האחרון הוכנסה שיטת הטיפול בקרינה מייננת פנימית – ברכיתרפיה באמצעות גרגירי יוד רדיואקטיביים. אנו מדווחים במאמר זה על 150 חולים ראשונים שטופלו בברכיתרפיה והיו במעקב שנע בין 3-24 חודשים (חציון 15 חודש). בעשרים מהחולים שולבה גם קרינה חיצונית, בהתאם למדדי קבלה מקובלים.

במעקב שנערך ב-89% מהחולים נצפו ערכי PSA נמוכים מ-0.5 נאנוג'/מ"ל, כעדות להחלמה. רק ב-6 חולים נצפתה עלייה מתונה בערכי PSA – כעדות להישנות המחלה או לאי-החלמה ממנה.

התחלואה היתה בינונית, והתבטאה בהפרעות בהטלת שתן כתוצה מחסימה ובגירוי (irritability), שנמשכו כ-3 חודשים בממוצע. לאחר תקופה זו, ערכי ה-IPSS – ניקוד לתסמינים של מוצא השלפוחית – חזרו לערכים טרם הטיפול.

שליש מהחולים התלוננו על אין-אונות, שהופיעה רק לאחר הטיפול. הערכים נמדדו באמצעות שאלון למילוי עצמי (IIEF). החולים לא לקו בסיבוכים קשים, ולכן לא היו זקוקים לניתוח, אישפוז או צנתור ממושכים, ולא הובחנו נזקי קרינה באזור החלחולת.

לסיכום, במאמר זה מדווח לראשונה בישראל על שיטת הטיפול בברכיתרפיה באמצעות יוד-125 בלוקים בסרטן הערמונית. תוצאותיה לטווח קצר ולטווח בינוני מצויות במתאם עם הדיווחים בספרות, ופגיעתה באוחר-החיים של החולה היא מיקטית (minimal), דהיינו הפגיעה בהרגלי ההשתנה והזיקפה של החולים היא נמוכה (רק בשליש מהחולים) ובהשוואה להשפעות-הלוואי והסיבוכים המדווחים בטיפולים חלופיים, כגון ניתוח רדיקלי או קרינה חיצונית.

דן ליבוביץ, אמנון זיסמן, יהודית קליינמן, אריה לינדנר

המח' לאורולוגיה, מרכז רפואי אסף-הרופא, צריפין

סרטן הערמונית הוא המחלה הממארת השכיחה ביותר בגברים והיארעותה מגיעה לכדי 900 חולים חדשים לכל 100,000 לשנה. איבחון מוקדם של המחלה בשלב בו השאת מוגבלת לבלוטת הערמונית, מאפשר ריפוי מלא בחלק ניכר מן החולים. האפשרויות הטיפוליות כוללות כריתת ערמונית רדיקלית, טיפול קרינתי והקפאה קריוגנית.

בניתוחים קריוגניים (נ"ק), מבוצעת הקפאת השאת בתוך הגוף על ידי החדרת גלאי לאיבר המטרה והשראת טמפרטורה נמוכה קיצונית בסביבות 180 – מ"צ. כדור הקרח הנוצר סביב הגלאי כולל בתוכו את ריקמת המטרה, וחשיפתה לטמפרטורה נמוכה קוטלת כל ריקמה ביולוגית. כיום, מהווים נ"ק אפשרות טיפולית מקובלת בחולים בסרטן הערמונית, והפעולה קיבלה את אישור מינהל המזון והתרופות בארה"ב (FDA). בסקירתנו, נדון הניסיון העולמי בנ"ק כטיפול בלוקים בסרטן הערמונית.

Screening for Early Detection of Prostatic Cancer

A. Neheman, Y. Shotland, Y. Metz, A. Stein

Dept. of Urology, Carmel Hospital, Lady Davis Medical Center, Haifa

Prostatic cancer (PC) is second only to lung cancer as a cause of cancer mortality in men word-wide. In Israel it is the most common cause of cancer mortality in men, after lung cancer and colo-rectal cancer.

We screened, for the first time in Israel, for prostatic cancer using serum levels of PSA and a digital rectal examination (DRE). The purpose was not only to diagnose PC but also to increase public awareness of the condition.

300 men in the Haifa area who met statistical criteria for early diagnosis of PC participated. They filled a questionnaire regarding risk factors for PC (age, family history (FH) of prostatic and breast cancer, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, previous PSA sampling) and were examined. Those who had out-of-ragne, age-related PSA values, or a pathologic DRE underwent trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) examination and guided biopsy of the prostate. Those with a positive biopsy for PC underwent radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy.

41 (14.3%) had out-of-range, age-related PSA levels and 10 (3.5%) had a pathologic DRE. 39 (13.3%) underwent TRUS and biopsy and 6 (2.04%) had clinically significant PC, all early stages (Gleason 4-6).

Correlation between age and PSA has been proven statistically significant (p<0.05). Symptoms of urinary tract obstruction and nocturia were related to a high PSA (p=0.035 and 0.002, respectively). Those with PC had at least 1 symptom of urinary tract obstruction; 6 (15.3%) who underwent TRUS and biopsy and a FH of prostate cancer. However, no subject with a FH of PC had biopsy-proven cancer. Those with PC had PSA values from 4.9 to 31.8 ng/ml (9.6 median). Age-related PSA had a positive predictive value of 17.1%.

Results of our annual screening for early detection of PC using age-related PSA, and DRE are encouraging: cases detected were clinically significant and treatable. It would appear that screening for PC will result in decreasing the incidence of metastatic cancer and therefore mortality. 
 

Penile Reconstruction after Complete Glans Amputation during Ritual Circumcision

Ofer Z. Shenfeld, Dean Ad-El

Depts. of Urology and of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem

Circumcision, so commonly performed, is considered a safe procedure rarely associated with significant complications. A case of complete amputation of the glans penis during neonatal circumcision is reported. The glans was successfully reimplanted, with good post-operative functional and esthetic results.

Cells-Preliminary Report Immunohistochemical Identification of Testicular Germ

Batia Bar-Shira Maymon, Gedalia Paz, Leah Yogev, Ron Hauser, Letizia Schreiber, Amnon Botchan, Haim Yavetz

Institute for Fertility Study, Lis Maternity Hospital; Pathology Institute, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center; and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

The use of testicular spermatozoa for intracytoplasmic sperm injection introduced a new treatment modality for management of male infertility.

Since testicular biopsies of non-obstructive azoospermic men are not homogenous in their histological patterns, identification with certainty of focal spermatogenesis might be difficult, particularly in those with small foci of spermatogenesis. We used an immunohistochemical marker of the male germ line, an antibody generated against RBM (RNA-binding-motif), to recognize with high precision the presence of germ cells in the biopsy. Biopsies of 30 men with azoospermia, most with non-obstructive azoospermia and a few with obstruction of the vas deferens, were evaluated.

Immunohistochemical staining for RBM protein contributed to the detection and accuracy of the identification of germ cells. Furthermore, this immunohistochemical technique aided the histopathologist to focus on even small foci of spermatogenesis. Absence of the protein expression confirmed the diagnosis of Sertoli-cell-only syndrome. The results indicate that expression of RBM can be a diagnostic marker for identifying the germ cells of small concentrations of spermatogenesis. This method can enhance the accuracy of histopathological evaluation of testicular biopsies that had formerly relied mainly on hematoxylin-and-eosin staining.

Testicular Cancer: Self-Awareness and Testicular Self-Examination in Soldiers and Military Physicians

Thomas Tichler, Rony Weitzen, Aharon Feinstone, Raoul Orvieto, Marian Moskovitz, Adam Singer

Depts. of Oncology and Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; Medical Corps, Israel Defence Forces; Gynecology Dept., Hasharon Medical Center, Petah Tikvah; and Medical Dept. B, Fleaman Hospital, Haifa

Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy in young men. To evaluate knowledge and awareness of that cancer, and of the practice of testicular self-examination (TSE), we developed a questionnaire which was distributed to 717 male soldiers and 200 of their military physicians.

21% of the soldiers had received some explanation of the importance of TSE, but only 16% were actually instructed how to perform TSE, and only 2% practiced it regularly. 24% had never examined their testicles before, 185 only rarely, and 6% often. With increased age, TSE frequency increased, but previous education, type of military unit, and ethnic origin had no affect. 99% of military physicians had been taught how to examine breasts, but only 70% had been taught routine testicular examination. 22% performed it, but 27% never did. 84% had never taught their soldiers the importance of TSE, although 51% taught female soldiers breast self-examination.

There was a significant lack of awareness of the importance of regular practice of TSE among both soldiers and their army physicians.

Recording Nocturnal Erections and Insurance Claims: Cost-Effectiveness

Ron Peled, Giora Pillar, Y. Berger, Naveh Tov, Nir Peled, Peretz Lavie

Sleep Lab, Gutwirth Building, Technion Medical School, Haifa

Road accidents, work accidents, or other trauma can cause impotence and are frequently followed by insurance claims. During 1990-97 we examined 230 males with such a complaint. All underwent full polysomnographic recordings in the sleep laboratory for 2 nights, during the course of which NPT (nocturnal penile tumescence) was examined with special equipment. It was assessed by an experienced technician following planned awakenings from REM sleep.

In 75 of the 230 subjects (33%), satisfactory erections were observed. In 100 (43%), who experienced at least 3 periods of REM sleep, no erections occurred. These patients were categorized as suffering from organic impotence. In the remaining 55 (24%), the results were inconclusive, with only partial erections or not enough REM sleep periods.

Since a man recognized as suffering from impotence may be awarded large monthly payments for life, these examinations, in our opinion, are an important tool to prevent unjustified claims, and can save the state unnecessary expenses.
 

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Azoospermia in Prediction of Spermatogenic Patterns

David B. Weiss, Shoshana Gottschalk-Sabag, Zvi Zukerman, Elchanan Bar-On, Zvi Kahana

Kupat Holim Me'uhedet; and Dept. of Pathology and Cytology and Male Infertility Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem; Andrology Unit, Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson Campus), Petah Tikva; and Paper Research Consultant Institute, Jerusalem

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is considered to be the most important plasma hormone correlated with spermatogenesis. Elevated FSH plasma levels were shown to be associated with complete damage to testicular seminiferous tubule germinal epithelium. Recently, there have been conflicting reports with regard to the value of FSH plasma levels in predicting seminiferous tubule histology in the azoospermic patient and hence, as a guide for therapy in assisted reproduction using testicular sperm retrieval. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether FSH plasma levels can predict spermatogenic pattern in the testes of the azoospermic infertile patient. 69 infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia and 18 with very severe oligospermia were studied. In all, plasma levels of testosterone, free testosterone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were measured by enzyme immunoassay. In the azoospermic patients the seminiferous tubule spermatogenic pattern was determined in testicular aspirates obtained by multiple fine needle aspiration and categorized according to the most mature spermatogenic cell type in the aspirates: Sertoli cells only, spermatogenic maturation arrest or full spermatogenesis. There were no significant differences in plasma levels of any hormone measured except in very severely oligospermic and azoospermic patients. Both normal and elevated levels were detected in all, regardless of seminiferous tubule cytological pattern or plasma FSH in azoospermic patients. It is concluded that plasma levels of FSH can not be used as a predictive parameter, neither for the presence of spermatozoa nor for any other seminiferous tubule cytological pattern in azoospermic infertile men. They cannot serve as guides for selection of azoospermic men for trials of testicular sperm retrieval in assisted reproduction.

Viagra, the First Oral Treatment for Impotence

Y. Assouline-Dayan, Y. Levi, Y. Shoenfeld

Medical Dept B, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Impotence, a common problem especially among older men, can now be treated with Viagra, This oral pill, unlike previous approved treatments mostly involving local injections, does not directly cause penile erection, but increases response to sexual stimulation. It acts by enhancing the relaxant effects of nitric acid on smooth muscle, and thus increases blood flow to certain areas of the penis, leading to erection. It has been evaluated in many randomized trials and in all was more successful in inducing erection than placebos. The most common side-effects include headache, flushing and indigestion, but there have also been reports of fatalities.

We describe a 75-year-old man who had an acute myocardial infraction in the past and who had maturity-onset diabetes and hypertension. In the week prior to admission he had a cardiac scan following a few weeks of exacerbation of anginal pain for which he had been taking nitrites. He took a Viagra pill without prescription or medical advice and 2 hours later, during intercourse with his wife, developed audible respiratory distress and lost consciousness. His wife started cardiac massage but not mouth-to-mouth breathing. The emergency team found ventricular fibrillation and gave 5 electrical shocks and amines and atropine. He remained unconscious, but his pulse returned and he was hospitalized. He then had several generalized convulsions treated with IV valium. 20 minutes after admission there was asystole and all attempts at resuscitation failed.

Cardiovascular status must be considered prior to prescribing Viagra, and the associated risk evaluated.

Does Testicular Volume Reflect Spermatogenic Pattern in Azoospermia?

David B. Weiss, Elchanan Bar-On, Shoshana Gottschalk-Sabag, Zvi Zukerman

Kupat Holim Mehuhedet and Male Infertility and Cytology Units, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem; and Andrology Unit, Rabin Medical Center (Beilinson Campus) Petah Tikva

The aim of this study was to determine whether testicular volume can serve to predict patterns of spermatogenesis in azoospermia. In 27 tests of azoospermic infertile men, cytological specimens from several sites from each testis were obtained by fine needle aspiration. Testes were classified according to the most mature spermatogenic cell type. Classifications were testes with spermatozoa, with arrested spermatogenic development, and with only Sertoli cells. Prior to fine needle aspiration the 3 dimensions of each testis were determined ultrasonically and its volume calculated. Mean testicular volume (±‏SD) was 7.71 (±5.95) ml for testes with spermatozoa and 7.55 (±2.35) and 7.31 (±4.42) ml for testes with spermatogenic maturation arrest and with only Sertoli cells, respectively (differences not significant). It is concluded that testicular volume can not be used as a predictive parameter, neither for the presence of spermatozoa nor for the cytological pattern of the testes of azoospermic infertile men.

Are Testes in Oligo/Azoospermia Homogenous or Heterogenous?

David B. Weiss, Shoshana Gottschalk-Sabag, Elchanan Bar-On, Zvi Zukerman

Kupat Cholim Meuhedet, Jerusalem; Male Infertility and Cytology Units, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem; and Andrology Unit, Rabin (Beilinson) Medical Center, Petah Tikva

We determined whether a single testicular specimen is sufficient to represent qualitatively the spermatogenic process within the testes of azoospermic or severely oligospermic infertile men. In 191 testes of azoospermic patients and in 26 of those with severe oligospermia, fine needle aspirations at 3 different sites of each testis were performed. Aspirated material from each puncture was stained and in each smear all spermatogenic cells, as well as Sertoli cells, were identified. Testes were classified according to the most mature spermatogenic cell type present, or the presence of only Sertoli cells. The homogeneity of the testicular spermatogenic process was then evaluated. There was an overall intratesticular difference between aspirates in 14.1% of azoospermic testes and in 26.9% of severely oligospermic testes with regard to the most mature spermatogenic cell type. When spermatozoa were the most mature cell type, they were detected in all of the 3 aspirates in 71.4% of the testes. In 18.4% or 10.2% of this group of testes they were retrieved in only 1 or 2 of the aspirates, respectively. In testes in which spermatids or spermatocytes were the most mature spermatogenic stage, these cell types were detected in all 3 aspirates in only 36.4% and 68.0%, respectively. In azoospermic patients with full testicular spermatogenesis, the likelihood of retrieving spermatozoa from the testes was 84.3%, 92.7% and 100% in 1, 2 and 3 specimens, respectively. The following conclusions were drawn: There is a wide range of testicular heterogeneity in azoospermia or very severe oligospermia for diagnosing the testicular spermatogenic pattern. In azoospermia, specimens from several testicular sites are required. It is strongly recommended that no assisted fertilization be offered to azoospermic patients unless prior evaluation of the spermatogenic pattern in the seminiferous tubules is determined.

Radiotherapy of Localized Prostatic Carcinoma

Eliahu Gez, Yael Netzer-Horowitz, Einat Waiman, Raphael Rubinov, Yoram Cohen, Abraham Kuten

Northern Israel Oncology Center and Oncology Dept., Rambam Medical Center and Lin Medical Center, Haifa; and Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheba

112 patients with localized prostate cancer, clinical stage A2-C, were treated by definitive radiotherapy between 1982-1988. Radiation volume encompassed the prostate, seminal vesicles and pelvic lymph nodes. The 10-year actuarial survival figures were: overall 51%; stage A2 87%; stage B 50%; stage C 36%; well differential tumors 67%; moderately differentiated 50%; poorly differentiated 32%; patients with local tumor control 55%; and patients with minimal local control 36%. It is concluded that external beam irradiation is effective in localized prostatic cancer. Stage and grade are prognosticators of survival.