תוצאת חיפוש

אלעד שיף^1,2,3, עידית דוברצקי-מרי⁴, שמואל אטיאס^,51, ערן בן-אריה⁶, גור קריינדלר¹, עופרי אבנרי¹ , עמיחי בן עזרא¹, צחי ארנון^7,1, אינה גרינברג⁴, אורי רוזנשיין⁴  

¹שירותי רפואה משלימה, המרכז הרפואי בני ציון, חיפה, ²היחידה לרפואה משלימה, המרכז הבינלאומי לבריאות משפט ואתיקה, ³המחלקה לרפואה פנימית, מרכז רפואי בני ציון, חיפה, ⁴המחלקה לקרדיולוגיה, מרכז רפואי בני ציון, חיפה, ⁵ בית הספר לבריאות הציבור, אוניברסיטת חיפה, חיפה, ⁶התוכנית לרפואה משולבת בשירות האונקולוגי, מרכז רפואי לין, מחוז חיפה והגליל המערבי, שירותי בריאות כללית, ⁷המכללה האקדמית עמק יזרעאל

רקע: הטמעה שיטתית של רפואה משלימה במסגרות אשפוז היא נדירה. לנוכח מחקרים שמימצאיהם הצביעו על פוטנציאל היעילות של טיפולים משלימים במצבים שכיחים באשפוז, עולה הצורך לבחון הכללת שירותי רפואה משלימה במסגרת אשפוז.

מטרות: זיהוי תחומי שילוב של רפואה משלימה במחלקה לקרדיולוגיה, אפיון תהליכי הטמעה של השירות המשלים במחלקה, ובדיקת היתכנות יישום רפואה משלימה ויעילותה במיתאר זה.

שיטות: סקירת ההטמעה של השירות במחלקה לקרדיולוגיה וניתוח סטטיסטי של מימצאי מחקר היתכנות, לקביעת גודל מדגם למחקר השוואתי עתידי בין טיפול קונבנציונלי במחלקה לבין טיפול משלים נוסף על הקונבנציונלי בתסמינים שכיחים של מאושפזים.

תוצאות: במפגשים משותפים בין הצוות הבכיר במחלקה לקרדיולוגיה לבין נציגי שירותי רפואה משלימה במרכז הרפואי בני ציון, זוהו תחומי שילוב אפשריים של רפואה משלימה במחלקה. נערך סקר ספרות לבחינת בטיחות ויעילות טיפולים משלימים במיתאר קרדיולוגי, והוכנו פרוטוקולים טיפוליים בהתאם. התקיימו ישיבות רב צוותיות קרדיולוגים-מטפלים משלימים וביקורים מודרכים משותפים במחלקה, לרבות בחדרי הפעולות הפולשניות, לצורך היכרות ויצירת דפוסי עבודה משותפים. הוגדרו הוריות טיפול ברפואה משלימה לתסמינים שכיחים במחלקה ונבנו שאלונים להערכת יעילות הטיפולים. נערך מחקר היתכנות שכלל 237 מאושפזים שטופלו ברפואה משלימה, לכימות השפעת הטיפול, על מנת להגדיר גודל מדגם למחקר עתידי.

מסקנות: שילוב רפואה משלימה במיתאר אשפוז הוא מהלך אפשרי, אך כרוך בשלבי תכנון והטמעה מוגדרים שבהם מעורבים גורמים מובילים במחלקות ובשירות המשלים. נתונים ראשוניים ממחקר היתכנות שערכנו מצביעים על תרומתם האפשרית של טיפולי רפואה משלימה בהקלה על תסמינים שכיחים במחלקה לקרדיולוגיה. נדרש מחקר המשך לפי אמות מידה של רפואה נסמכת ראיות, בכדי להעריך את יעילותה של הרפואה המשלימה בשיפור תסמיני מאושפזים במחלקה לקרדיולוגיה.

דנטה אנטונלי, מוחמד גיאברין, יואב תורגמן

המערך לקרדיולוגיה, מרכז רפואי העמק, עפולה

רקע: קיימת עלייה מתמדת בשיעור הניתוחים בקרב חולים עם מחלת לב איסכמית. הצורך בייעוץ קרדיולוגי לחולים המופנים לניתוחים שאינם בלב עדיין בדיון וטרם סוכם. 

המטרה בעבודה זו הייתה לבדוק האם הבקשות לייעוץ קרדיולוגי בחולים שהופנו לניתוח שאינו בלב היו לפי הקווים המנחים של האיגודים האמריקאיים לקרדיולוגיה לשנת 2009 – (ACC/AHA) American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association- 2009.

שיטות ותוצאות: בעבודה זו, הוכללו חולים שהופנו לייעוץ קרדיולוגי לפני שעברו ניתוחים שאינם בלב. נאספו נתונים שכללו גיל, מין, סיבת הייעוץ, סוג הניתוח, דירוג הסיכון ללב לפי דירוג Lee, שינויים טיפוליים, דרגת התפקוד של החולה, והתוצאות והסיבוכים הסב ניתוחיים.

קבוצת המחקר כללה 170 חולים, 89 גברים (52.3%( ו-81 נשים (47.6%), בגיל ממוצע של 74.2 שנה, ו-88 חולים (51.8%) היו עם יכולת מאמץ ≥4 מטס. מצב לב (קרדיאלי) פעיל היה קיים ב-12 חולים (7.1%). גורמי הסיכון שדווחו : 75 חולים (44.1%) עם סוכרת, 21 חולים (12.3%) לקו באי ספיקת לב בעבר או שהיו באי ספיקת לב מאוזנת, 79 חולים (46.5%) לקו במחלת לב איסכמית, 29 חולים (17.1%) לקו באירוע מוח, 30 חולים (17.7%) לקו באי ספיקת כליות, 14 חולים (8.2%) היו עם קוצב קבוע, ושלושה חולים (1.8%) נפטרו סביב מועד הניתוח. ההוריה לייעוץ הקרדיולוגי לפני הניתוח על פי הקווים המנחים האמריקאיים (ACC/AHA) משנת 2009 הייתה מוצדקת ב-45 חולים בלבד (26.5%).

מסקנה: בקבוצת החולים שעברו ניתוחים שאינם בלב, רק במיעוט מהם תאם הייעוץ הקרדיולוגי שהתבקש את הקווים המנחים של CC/AHA. עולה ממחקרנו, כי במצבים קליניים רבים ייעוץ קרדיולוגי טרום ניתוחי אינו מוצדק.

Multiple Organ Damage due to Cholesterol Embolization

Ido Wolf, Meir Mouallem

Dept. of Medicine E, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Cholesterol crystal embolization can affect multiple organ systems and mimic other systemic diseases. We describe a 65-year-old woman who had renal failure, diarrhea, transient ischemic attacks and purple toes due to spontaneous cholesterol crystal embolization.

Multicenter Community-Based Trial of Amlodipine in Hypertension

C. Yosefy, J.R. Viskoper, Y. Leshem, Y. Rav-Hon, G.I. Rosenberg, E. Yaskil

(Representing the 39 Investigators of Project AML-IL-95-001, WHO Collaborative Center for Prevention of CV Diseases) Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba; Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon; Hypertension Clinic, Kupat Holim Afula; Statistics Consulting Unit, Haifa University; and Promedico Ltd., Petah Tikva

The safety and efficacy of Amlodipine (AML) for mild to moderate hypertension was evaluated in a "real life" setting. This open non-comparative trial included 123 men and 143 women (age 30-91 years, mean 59.4). All had sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 95 and 115 mmHg, confirmed in most by 2 baseline measurements, 2 weeks apart.

Eligible patients were given AML 5 mg daily as add-on or monotherapy and were evaluated 4 weeks later. If DBP was then >90 mmHg, the daily dose was raised to 10 mg; those with <90 mmHg remained on 5 mg. AML was continued for 8 weeks. Other BP-lowering drugs were unchanged.

Of the original 266 patients 22 (8.2%) withdrew due to adverse events (AE), and others were protocol violators, lost to follow-up or withdrew, leaving 211 available for efficacy analysis. In this major group BP was reduced from 165±15/101±4 to 139±11/83±5 after 12 weeks of AML (p<0.05). The reduction was greater in those under 70 years, from 173±12/100±5 to 142±12/80±4 (p<0.05). In those with BMI>30 kg/m², BP decreased from 165±15/101±5 to 140±12/83±5 (p<0.05).

Mean change in heart rate was -1.5 bpm (p<0.05). Mean final AML dose was 5.5 mg/day. The most common AML-related AE requiring cessation of the drug was pedal edema in 2.6% of the 266 patients; in 3.7% it persisted during therapy. Other AE occurring in >1% were dizziness in 1.8%, headache 1.5%, flushing 1.1% and fatigue 1.1%.

We conclude that AML is an effective and well-tolerated antihypertensive suitable for most hypertensive patients.

Propafenone Dose for Emergency Room Conversion of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

D. Antonelli, A. Darawsha, S. Rimbrot, N.A. Freedberg, T. Rosenfeld

Dept. of Cardiology and Emergency Room, Central Emek Hospital, Afula

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), a frequent cause of repeated hospitalization, is effectively treated with propafenone. The time to conversion to sinus rhythm is a consideration when managing AF in the emergency room. We investigated the conversion rates of paroxysmal AF by 3 different oral propafenone (P) regimens, in terms of time to conversion.

188 patients with onset of AF within 48 hours were treated with propafenone (P): 48 received 600 mg as a first oral dose followed after 8 hrs by 150 mg (Group A); 82 received 300 mg as a first dose, followed by the same dose 3 and again 8 hrs later (B); 58 received 150 mg every 3 hrs, up to a total dose of 600 mg (C). P was stopped when sinus rhythm was achieved.

Rates of conversion to sinus rhythm after 3 hrs in the 3 groups were: 46%, 41% and 26% respectively; after 8 hrs: 77%, 78% and 70%; and after 12 hrs: 81%, 84% and 76%. Treatment was discontinued in 8. There was excessive QRS widening (>25% of the basal value) in 1 in group A, 1 in group B and 2 in group C; wide-QRS tachycardia occurred in 4 in group B. In Group A there was a higher rate of early successful conversion, with a lower incidence of side-effects than with the other regimens.

Accidental Severance of a Venous Catheter: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach

Harel Gilutz, Aharon Gavriel, Shmuel Yurfest

Cardiology, Heart and Lung, and Vascular Surgery Depts., Soroka Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

The most common invasive procedure performed in hospitals ithe insertion of a vascular access device. This procedure has the rare complication ofcatheter emboli. Accidental cutting of a peripheral catheter, the use of duplex ultrasound to locate the cut and the extraction of the catheter through a venesection is described. If peripheral extraction fails, percutaneous extraction or thoracotomy should be tried, in that order. The immediate precautions have an impact on the final results.

1000 Cardiac Catheterizations in Congenital Heart Disease

Benjamin Zeevi, Galit Bar-Mor, Michael Berant

Cardiac Catheterization Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Over the past 15 years, percutaneous therapeutic cardiac catheterization has become increasingly important in the treatment of congenital heart disease. We describe our experience in 1000 such catheterizations between 1993-1997. 55% were in 1-12-year-olds; only 20% were in patients younger than 1 year old and 11.3% were in adults with congenital heart defects. In about 50% it was at least a second cardiac catheterization. Overall, there were 425 therapeutic cardiac catheterizations, increasing from 33% in the first 200 procedures, to 63% in the last 200.

We performed 30 different types of therapeutic catheterizations: 23.3% were valvular dilations, 21.4% vessel angioplasties, 36.9% closure procedures, 9.2% electrophysiological procedures, and 9.2% miscellaneous. In 31.3% of therapeutic catheterizations we used 12 new procedures. Minor complications occurred in 8.5% and major in 0.6%; most complications were successfully treated or were self-limited and there was no residual damage.

In this report the current role of each type of major catheterization is discussed on the basis of our experience. Further development of technology for lesions not amenable to currently available transcatheter methods, and longer follow-up for current techniques will consolidate the role of therapeutic cardiac catheterization in congenital heart disease.

Circadian Fluctuations in Efficacy of Streptokinase Thrombolysis

E. Goldhammer, L.Kharash, E.G. Abinader

Cardiology Dept., Bnei-Zion Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa

This study was designed to assess possible diurnal fluctuations in the efficacy of thrombolysis with streptokinase. 156 consecutive patients treated with streptokinase during the period 1.1.95-1.7.96 were studied retrospectively. Success or failure of thrombolysis was determined according to the accepted clinical and angiographic criteria starting at midnight, 12 times at 2-hour intervals, then 8 times at 3-hour intervals, and then 6 times at 4-hour intervals. A definite peak for successful thrombolysis was found in the late afternoon and early evening hours. Between 16:00-20:00 PM, in 30.23% successful thrombolysis were observed, compared to 6.98% between 20:00-24:00 PM (p<0.05) and in 10.53% between 00.00-04:00 AM (p<0.05).

Multiple regression analysis showed that the independent factor with the greatest impact on successful reperfusion was the actual time until thrombolysis (p=0.037); then came the interval from pain onset to streptokinase administration (p=0.020), while age and gender had much lesser impacts (p=0.328 and 0.215, respectively), and individual risk factors even less.

These findings may have several clinical implications: dose adjustment for the time of day may be required, with larger doses needed during morning hours, or preference for primary coronary angioplasty to avoid increase in bleeding complications due to higher doses of thrombolytic agents.

Balloon Angioplasty of Native Coarctation of the Aorta

Benjamin Zeevi, Galit Bar-Mor, Michael Berant

Cardiac Catheterization Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

The use of balloon dilatation to treat native coarctation of the aorta is gaining acceptance among interventional pediatric cardiologists, but is still controversial. We describe our experience with this procedure in 21 children, mean age 5.6 years and mean weight 21.1 kg. Most had an additional congenital heart defect, most commonly a bicuspid aortic valve. 17 were asymptomatic, 3 had tachypnea and 1 infant had severe congestive heart failure and was ventilated. The mean systolic blood pressure was 129.7 mm Hg.

Balloon dilatation was successful in 90% (19), decreasing the mean maximal systolic gradient from 35.3 to 9 mm Hg (p<0.001), and increasing the narrowest area from 3.9 to 8.2 mm (p<0.001), with a mean balloon-to-coarctation width-ratio of 2.8. There were no complications. Of 15 who underwent repeat cardiac catheterization at a mean interval of 10.6 months, 2 had a maximal systolic gradient of more than 20 mm Hg. 1 of these underwent successful repeat angioplasty and the other, who also had a small aneurysm, underwent surgical repair successfully. 2 others had small aneurysms and they are being followed clinically.

All patients were seen again after a mean interval of 31 months. The mean systolic blood pressure was 104 mm Hg, significantly lower than before intervention (p<0.002). 1 had an increased pressure gradient between right arm and leg of 35 mm Hg at later follow-up, and repeat cardiac catheterization demonstrated a good result 13 months after the initial procedure. She is awaiting a third catheterization. Overall, 90% had good mid-term results.

Based on our experience and recent reports, balloon angioplasty is safe and effective in most children older than 7 months and should be considered a viable alternative to operation for discrete aortic coarctation. Further long-term evaluation is needed.

Atypical Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

O. Eyal, A. Asia, U. Yorgenson, H. Nagar, Z. Schpirer

Pediatric and Pediatric Surgery Depts., Dana Hospital, Tel Aviv- Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is the most common reason for nonbilious vomiting in infants. Its cause is unknown. Hypertrophy of pyloric muscle can progress after birth and reach complete gastric outlet obstruction. Usually symptoms start after the age of 3 weeks. In the past diagnosis was based on history of projectile, nonbilious vomiting and palpation of a pyloric mass. Greater awareness of IHPS and increased use of imaging modalities, mainly abdominal ultrasonography, have resulted in a change in the clinical condition at presentation. The length of illness before admission has decreased and weight loss, dehydration and metabolic abnormalities have become less common. We describe an atypical clinical manifestation of IHPS: bilious vomiting. This atypical presentation may be due to earlier diagnosis.
 

Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Failure within the Communuity

Haim Ben-Ami, Yehuda Edoute

Dept. of Medicine C, Rambam Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa

Congestive heart failure causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Symptoms and physical findings can help in diagnosis, but have limited sensitivity and specificity. Objective measurement of ventricular function is essential in virtually all patients in whom heart failure is suspected; reversible causes of heart failure must be sought.

Out-patient management includes education and counseling, emphasis on and assessment of compliance with diet, and pharmacological treatment. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are the mainstay of treatment but are underused, and maximal doses are not given, apparently because of concern about side-effects. Diuretics should be administered only as needed to manage fluid overload. Calcium channel blockers are relatively contraindicated in patients with impaired ventricular function. Patient follow-up should be guided by results of the medical history and physical examination. Routine serial testing of ventricular function and exercise performance is discouraged.

Investigating Chest Pain: is there a Gender Bias?

Leonardo Reisin, Chaim Yosefy, Sharon Kleir, Emil Hay, Ronit Peled, Shimon Scharf

Cardiology and Emergency Depts. and Epidemiology Unit, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon (Affiliated with Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheba)

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women is characterized by a higher morbidity and mortality in the peri-infarction and coronary bypass peri-operative periods. These epidemiological data strengthen our impression that the health system unintentionally "ignores" the high proportion of females with IHD.

The process of investigating chest pain, diagnosing IHD, and the subsequent treatment and rehabilitation, seem to differ between the genders. Time elapsed from beginning of chest pain to diagnosis of IHD seems to be longer in women than in men. Personal, educational and social factors are contributory.

Although time elapsed between diagnosis and rehabilitation is usually similar in the genders, peri-operative morbidity and mortality are higher in women. It may be that the higher rates in women are caused by delay in diagnosis and treatment, which allows worsening of the disease in women before treatment. This delay can occur during the time needed for evaluation of chest pain, from the door of the physician to diagnosis and treatment.

In our retrospective study we determined the difference in referral of men and women with chest pain to the emergency department (ED) and the attitude of physicians in the ED and medical department to chest pain in men and in women, including final diagnosis on discharge. 615 patients over 18 years referred to the ED for chest pain during 3 randomly chosen, consecutive months were studied. We found that women constituted only 39.5% of the referred patients, but the proportion hospitalized was similar to that in men. Hospitalized women were older (57.7±18.4 versus 49.7±17.8 years in men), and had more risk factors (4 versus 2 in men). Proportions of specific diagnoses on discharge from hospital were equal in the genders.

To bridge the differences and to implement education in prevention, investigation and treatment of IHD in women, we established the "Female Heart" clinic. The objective of this clinic is to reduce differences in the first step, in the process of evaluating chest pain in women, by educating and encouraging them to present early to their physicians, and by changing physicians' attituin the investigation of chest pain in women. We plan to determine in a prospective study if these goals are.

Characteristics, Management and Prognosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction (Israel 1990-1996)

Israeli Survey Group On Acute Myocardial Infarction

From 1990 to 1996 we conducted consecutive 2-month surveys in all CCUs (n=26) in Israel. The aim was to compare the characteristics, management, and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between the 4 surveys.

Patient characteristics were similar in all surveys. About 75% of patients were males and had a first MI. Mechanical and arrhythmic complications decreased slightly between 1990 and 1996. In contrast, frequency of treatment with thrombolysis, aspirin, beta-blockers and ACE-I, as well as coronary interventional procedures, increased tremendously.

In parallel, 30-day and 1-year mortality decreased significantly, from 16.5% and 22.5%, respectively, to 9.0% and 13.9%. After multiple adjustment for factors associated with mortality, the 30-day relative risk of death for patients hospitalized in 1992, 1994 and 1996 was 0.79 (95% CI 0.59-1.08), 0.75 (95% CI 0.56-1.01) and 0.54 (95% CI 0.39-9.74), respectively, as compared with 1990.

Although there is no direct proof that changes in management of AMI are related to the reduction in mortality seen during the course of the surveys, the association seems likely.

Serotonin Re-Uptake Inhibitors as Primary Therapy for Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity

Amos Katz, Angel Kantor, Alexander Battler

Cardiology Dept., Soroka Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

Carotid sinus syndrome is a well-recognized cause of unexplained syncope in older patients, and may lead to significant morbidity due to trauma from falls. Dual chamber pacing has been shown to be effective in relieving symptoms due to bradycardia, but not due to vasodepressor response. We report an 84-year-old man with recurrent syncope due to carotid sinus hypersensitivity. He was treated only with a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor and was symptom-free after 3 weeks of therapy. He has remained symptom-free for the past year.

Autonomic Dysregulation in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Power Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability

Hagit Cohen, Uri Loewenthal, Mike A. Matar, Hanoch Miodownik, Zeev Kaplan, Yair Cassuto, Moshe Kotler

Mental Health Center, Israel Ministry of Health; Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences; Dept. of Life-Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheba

Spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to be a reliable noninvasive test for quantitative assessment of cardiovascular autonomic regulatory response, providing a dynamic map of sympathetic and parasympathetic interaction. In a prior study exploring the state of hyperarousal that characterizes the post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) syndrome, we presented standardized heart rate analyses in 9 patients at rest, which demonstrated clear-cut evidence of a baseline autonomic hyperarousal state.

To examine the dynamics of this hyperarousal state, standardized heart rate analysis was carried out in 9 PTSD patients, compared to a matched control group of 9 normal volunteers. 20-minute ECG recordings in response to a trauma-related cue, as opposed to the resting state, were analyzed. The patients were asked to recount the presumed triggering traumatic event, and the control subjects recounted a significant stressful negative life event.

Whereas the control subjects demonstrated significant autonomic responses to the stressogenic stimulus of recounting major stressful experiences, the patients demonstrated almost no autonomic response to the recounting of the triggering stressful event. The patients demonstrated a degree of autonomic dysregulation at rest comparable to that seen in the control subjects' reaction to the stress model.

The lack of response to the stress model applied in the study appears to imply that PTSD patients experience so great a degree of autonomic hyperactivation at rest, that they are unable to marshal a further stress response to the recounting of the triggering trauma, as compared to control subjects. A subsequent study of the effect of medication on these parameters showed that they are normalized by use of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI's).

Neither the clinical implications of these findings, nor their physiological mechanisms are clear at present. We presume that they reflect a central effect, as the peripheral automatic effects of SSRI's are relatively negligible.