תוצאת חיפוש

אמנון זיסמן

הטיפול בלוקים בסרטן הכליה עבר תמורות משמעותיות בעשור האחרון. הטיפול היום בלוקים במחלה זו כולל ביצוע כריתה לאפרוסקופית רדיקלית של הכליה, כריתה חלקית של הכליה בנוכחות כליה שניה תקינה, ניתוחים ניסיוניים להרס מוקדי ומבוקר של גושים קטנים בכליות שקוטרם עד 3 ס"מ (ablative renal surgery) באמצעות חימום (radio frequency- RF) או הקפאה (renal cryosurgery) וכריתת כליה מפחיתה (cytoreductive nephrectomy) לפני טיפול חיסוני או משולב בחיסונים (cancer vaccines) בלוקים במחלה מפושטת.

בעתיד יוכנסו לטיפול כריתה לאפרוסקופית חלקית של הכליה, טיפול חיסוני משולב ומתן חיסונים מסוגים חדשים, כגון – dendritic cell hybrid vaccines- Tumor sell, כשלב-ביניים במעבר מטיפול חיסוני רעיל ובעל סגוליות נמוכה ליירוט סגולי של תאי סרטן על בסיס ביות למולקולות וסמנים סגוליים. בנוסף ייתכנו שינויים במערכת ה- TNM והסתייעות במערכות מורכבות לקביעת שלב המחלה.

טיפולים מתיישנים כוללים כריתת הטוחה כחלק שגרתי מכריתה רדיקלית של הכליה, ומתן טיפולים חיסוניים המבוססים על הפקת תאי תסנין דלקתי מהשאת עצמה (tumor infiltrating lymphocyte –TIL).

מיכל מיסטרסקי, ישראל נודלמן, שלמה ללצוק ומשה רובין

שיטת הניתוח הלאפארוסקופי מיושמת במיגוון גדל והולך של ניתוחים. כריתת קיבה לאפארוסקופית בשל אדנוקראצינומה של הקיבה בוצעה בחולים ספורים בלבד. במאמר זה מובא ניסיוננו בכריתה תת-שלמה של הקיבה בשיטה הלאפארוסקופית ב-4 חולים שלקו באדנוקאצינומה של הקיבה.

למרות זמן ניתוח ארוך במקצת מהמקובל ומשך אישפוז הדומה לזה שבגישה הפתוחה, המהלך הבתר-ניתוחי הקל והיעדר סיבוכים הקשורים לניתוח מצדיקים את יישומה של שיטה זו.
 

מרדכי שמעונוב, פנחס שכטר, ויקטוריה פרידמן, עדה רוזן, הנרי היאט ואברהם צ'רניאק

בין השנים 1998-2000 הופנו למחלקתנו 18 חולים הלוקים בשאת בכבד שאינה בת-כריתה לטיפול בהקפאה לאפארוסקופית. נתוני החולים עובדו על-פי פרוטוקול איבחוני קבוע ונמצאו בלתי מתאימים לניתוח לכריתת השאת.

בקבוצה נכללו 9 גברים ו-9 נשים בגילי 62-81 שנה (ממוצע של 72 שנה). עשרה חולים לקו בתהליכים משניים בכבד כשמקור השאת הראשונית מהכרכשת, ו-8 חולים לקו בתהליכים ראשוניים של הכבד (הפטומה ו-  hepatocellular carcinoma). חמישה חולי הפטומה לקו בנוסף צמקת כבד עקב דלקת כבד מסוג C, בשמונה חולים אובחנה מעורבות דו-צדדית של הכבד ובעשרה חולים אובחנה מעורבות חד-צדדית של הכבד.

הניתוח בוצע בהרדמה כללית. בשלב ראשון בוצעה הערכה לאפארוסקופית, תוך הסתייעות בבדיקת על-שמע לאפארוסקופית. חולים עם שאת שאינה ניתנת לכריתה בניתוח וללא מעורבות מחוץ לכבד טופלו בהקפאת הנגעים בכבד בגישה לאפארוסקופית. חולה אחת נפטרה במהלך הבתר-ניתוחי עקב מחלת לב. הסיבוכים השכיחים היו חום (4 חולים), בעיקר עקב תמט (אטלקטזיס) ודמם (2 חולים).

Costs and Benefits of Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair- Is there an Economic Justification?

Dan Greenberg¹, Jochanan G. Peiser²

¹Department of Health Systems Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion, ²Operatory Room Directorate and Division of Surgery, Medical Center, Soroka University, Israel

Background: With the recent accelerated development of laparoscopic surgery, it has been applied in all fields of surgery. The main issue today is not the technical ability of performing laparoscopic procedures but rather their justification while considering the disease and cost-benefit aspects.

Objectives: The present study surveys the experience accumulated in recent years concerning the economical aspects of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Issues like length of the surgical procedure, cost, typical complications and recuperation time are being addressed.

Methods: We reviewed controlled clinical trials that compare laparoscopic and open repair of inguinal hernia. Trials that included at least 100 patients and were published in peer-reviewed journals since 1996 were included. Various operative techniques were compared using clinical and economical parameters.

Results: Most studies examined the issues from an institutional or health care system viewpoint and not from a comprehensive societal perspective. Therefore, indirect costs were seldom included. Operative times were longer and direct costs were significantly higher in the laparoscopic approach as compared to conventional open surgery. However, recovery time and return to work were found to occur earlier in patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery.

Conclusions: A shorter recovery time and shorter off-work period after laparoscopic hernia repair could compensate for the increased hospital expenditures. However, this contribution has not yet been completely established and needs further validation by supplementary studies. Other aspects that will have to be evaluated include quality of life and patient satisfaction.

Laparoscopy as Part of the Management of Gynecologic Neoplasms - Report of Our Clinical Experience

Yehuda Ben David, Moshe Bustan, Eliezer Shalev

The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula

Introduction: Surgery is the treatment of choice in most early stages of cervical cancer and advanced stages of ovarian cancer. Failing to preoperatively diagnose para-aortic and parametrial metastases in cervical cancer or a non-resectable, ovarian cancer, may results in a superfluous laparotomy.

Aim: To evaluate the advantage of using laparoscopy in cervical and ovarian cancer.

Patients and Methods: Study population includes patients with ovarian or cervical cancer referred between 1997-1999. A CT scan and a trans-vaginal sonography were used to detect involvement of pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes, parametrium and other metastases. In patients with cervical cancer, para-aortic lymph node dissection was laparoscopically performed. When para-aortic nodes were negative and parametrium was clear, radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph nodes dissection was conducted through laparotomy. When para-aortic lymph nodes or parametrium were positive, patients were referred for radiation therapy. In ovarian cancer patients, the upper abdomen and the pelvis were examined laparoscopically to evaluate the possibility of optimal debulking surgery. Staging was done for patients who were not candidates for optimal debulking surgery and second debulking surgery was considered.

Results: Nine patients with stage lb-lla cervical cancer were included. Preoperatively, 2 of them were suspected for lymph node involvement. Following laparoscopy one was confirmed to have para-aortic lymph node involvement and the other did not. In the remaining 8 patients, one was found to have parametrial involvement and laparotomy was avoided, while the rest were treated surgically.

Eighteen ovarian cancer patients were included in this study. Laparoscopy revealed an extensive disease in 7 patients and therefore staging laparoscopy was completed. In the remaining 11 patients, laparotomy was performed, operable disease was found and complete debulking surgery was conducted. In only one patient of the 11 complete debulking surgeries was not possible.

Conclusions: In accordance with the experience and skills of the surgical team, we propose utilizing laparoscopy in cases where laparotomy may be avoided.

דניאל זיידמן, מוטי גולדנברג

מח' נשים ויולדות, מרכז רפואי חיים שיבא, תל-השומר והפקולטה לרפואה סאקלר, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב

כירורגיה לאפארוסקופית מקובלת כיום כגישה בעלת יתרונות מוכחים לביצוע מרבית הניתוחים הגינקולוגיים. עם זאת, מגבלות טכניות עדיין מקשות על מנתחים רבים לאמץ את השיטה הלאפארוסקופית בבואם לבצע ניתוחים מורכבים יותר, כמו כריתת שרירומות או כריתת רחם. אחת הבעיות העיקריות המקשות על ביצוע ניתוחים באמצעות לאפארוסקופיה היא הצורך ביצירת שדה ניתוח מספק בחלל הבטן, השיטה הנפוצה ביותר להרמת דופן הבטן ודחיקת המעי היא ניפוח הבטן עם גאז פחמן דו-חמצני (CO₂), כלומר, יצירת אוורת הצפק. שיטה זו יוצרת קשיים עקב הצורך למנוע דליפת גאז מחלל הבטן במהלך הניתוח. הדבר מחייב עבודה עם כלי ניתוח מיוחדים המוחדרים דרך טרוקרים עם שסתומים חד-כיווניים, ומקשה על פינוי ריקמה מחלל הבטן והאגן וביצוע תפירה כירורגית. בנוסף, פתיחת כיפת הלדן בעת ניתוחים גינקולוגיים, כמו כריתת רחם, מובילה לדליפה מהירה של הגאז מחלל הבטן.

Diagnostic Laparoscopy for Abdominal Lymphoma

D. Lev-Chelouche, D. Margal, J.M. Klausner, A. Szold

Dept. of Surgery B, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center (Affiliated with Sackler Medical Faculty, Tel Aviv University)

Imaging-guided (CT/US) percutaneous biopsy has significantly improved diagnosis of intra-abdominal lymphoma. However, in many cases the tissue retrieved may be inadequate for specialized studies such as immunophenotyping or cytogenetic analysis that may be required for a complete analysis of lymphoma or determination of therapy.

The success of diagnostic laparoscopy in the diagnosis and staging of gastrointestinal malignancies suggests that it could be used for intra-abdominal lymphomas as well. We describe our experience in 15 patients with suspected lymphoma who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy during 1995-98.

Preoperative investigation performed in all included percutaneous FNA in 9 without conclusive diagnosis. Laparoscopy was diagnostic for lymphoma in 14 (93%) while in 1 there was a false negative result due to sampling error and the lymphoma was only diagnosed at a second laparoscopy.

There was no mortality nor any major complication. Average hospital stay was 2 days and patients were then referred for further oncological treatment. Our experience shows that diagnostic laparoscopy is a safe and efficient tool and without major complications in diagnosing abdominal lymphoma.
 

Burch Laparoscopic Procedure for Repairing Proven Stress Incontinence

Moshe Bustan, Shabtai Romano, Raed Salim, Jacob Rosenman, Eliezer Shalev

Depts. of Obstetric and Gynecology and of Urology, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula

There are more than 200 procedures for repairing stress urinary incontinence. We evaluated the safety and efficiency of the Burch laparoscopic procedure in 32 women with urodynamically proven genuine stress incontinence.

Mean operating time was 40 minutes and mean hospitalization time after the procedure was 30 hours. The cure rate was 97%, similar to that rin other studies (80-95%). The major complications w2 cases (6.2%) of unintended bladder injury, diagnosed and repaired laparoscopically. Although follow-up has only been for 3-42 months, the high cure rate and safety and advantages of laparoscopy over laparotomy, make laparoscopic Burch colposuspension the procedure of choice for repairing stress incontinence.

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy - 1,000 Procedures in a Surgical Department

Uri Freund, Ami Mayo, Ivan Schwartz, David Neufeld, Haim Paran

Dept. of Surgery A, Meir Hospital, Kfar Saba; and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

The first 1,000 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed in our department were reviewed. There was no operative mortality; conversion to open cholecystectomy was necessary in 2%. In the last 600 cases the rate of conversion had decreased to 0.5%. There was common bile duct injury in 0.3%, with the injuries identified during primary surgery. This clinical experience is consistent with previous studies, which proved that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and should replace open operation as the procedure of choice. 

Laparoscopic Ultrasound in Predicting Resectability of Choriocarcinoma

M. Shimonov, P. Schachter, G. Gvirtz, Y. Avni, A. Rosen, A. Czerniak

Depts. of Surgery, Ultrasound, and of Gastroenterology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Cholangiocarcinoma accounts for about 1% of all malignant tumors. They are difficult to diagnose because of their small size and their location. Although surgical resection is the best therapeutic approach, most patients undergo unnecessary exploratory laparotomy due to incorrect preoperative diagnosis.

We present our experience with laparoscopic ultrasound (LU) in the evaluation of cholangiocarcinoma and determination of tumor spread and vascular involvement. Of 25 patients referred for surgery, 6 were excluded following LU and were referred instead for palliative treatment. Diagnosis of the tumor was successful in 92%, and vascular involvement was diagnosed in 46%. LU should be an integral diagnostic test in the evaluation of choriocarcinoma.

Laparoscopic Approach in Treating Hepatic Cysts 

P. Schachter, V. Sorin, M. Shimonov, A. Rosen, A. Czerniak

Dept. of Surgery A, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon

Solitary and multiple hepatic cysts are now more commonly found because of advances in imaging techniques. Most hepatic cysts are asymptomatic, but when they do cause symptoms they require surgical intervention. The advent of laparoscopy and of laparoscopic ultrasonography allow comprehensive evaluation and treatment of the cysts.

12 patients with hepatic cysts were treated laparoscopically. 8 with single cysts underwent successful subtotal cyst resection without signs of recurrence (up to 20 years of follow-up). 4 with polycystic liver disease underwent sub-total resection of superficial cysts. Deep cysts were unroofed and drained under laparoscopic ultrasound guidance. In this group, 1 experienced recurrence of symptoms and required partial hepatectomy of the involved segment. In another, a connection between a deep cyst and bile ducts was demonstrated and cystojejunostomy was performed.

The laparoscopic approach in the management of patients with liver cysts is effective and safe, and we recommend it as the procedure of choice for single hepatic cysts. In polycystic liver disease the procedure is much less successful.

Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy 

G. Zamir, D. Hazzan, D.J. Gross, S. Lyass, O. Jurim, E. Shiloni, P. Reissman

Depts. of Surgery, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah University Hospital, Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem

Constant advances and increasing experience in laparoscopic surgery renders it applicable for adrenal surgery. The wide exposure required for open adrenal surgery makes this minimally invasive procedure an attractive and advantageous alternative.

Between 1996-1999, we performed 35 laparoscopic adrenal-ectomies in 30 patients 20-72-years old. Indications included: Conn's syndrome - 14, pheochromocytoma - 11, Cushing's syndrome - 6, nonfunctioning adenoma - 3, and metastatic sarcoma - 1.

5 underwent bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy. In 3 (8.5%) the procedures were converted to open operations. Overall morbidity was 13% and there was no mortality. Mean operative time was 188 minutes, but only 130 in our last 10 cases. Mean hospital stay was 4 days and they returned to normal activity an average of 2 weeks later.

According to our study and previous reports, laparoscopic adrenalectomy is feasible and safe and it may soon become the procedure of choice for adrenal tumors.

Carbon Dioxide Gas Embolism during Laparascopic Cholecystectomy

Anat Laver-Segal, Miguel Iuchtman, Paltiel Weiner

Depts. of Anesthesiology, Surgery A and Medicine A, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera and Rappaport Medical School, The Technion, Haifa

A case of carbon dioxide gas embolism during laparascopic cholecystetomy is presented. Prompt diagnosis and immediate treatment resulted in positive outcome. Laparascopic cholecystectomy is nowadays one of the most common operations for cholecystectomy and certainly the most frequent endoscopic surgical procedure. It is usually safe and effective. However, a number of serious complications have been reported during the procedure.

Gas embolism is one of the complications that may occur during the initial gas insufflation or during dissection of the gall bladder. Symptoms are mainly related to the speed and the amount of gas that reaches the venous system. Early recognition and prompt treatment are required to prevent severe morbidity or even fatal outcome.

Transesophageal echocardiography has detected many unsuspected cases of gas embolism. However, capnograph monitoring of end-tidal CO₂, routinely used in everyday anesthesia, is highly reliable in alerting to the possibility of gas embolism and also in confirming its occurrence.

In cases of suspected gas embolism close collaboration between anesthetist and surgeon is required.

Evaluation of Laparoscopy and Laparoscopic Ultrasound in Pancreatic Lesions

P. Schachter, Y. Avni, A. Rosen, A. Czerniak

Depts. of Surgery A and of Gastroenterology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon

Pancreatic lesions present a diagnostic challenge. Even modern imaging techniques are not sensitive enough in determining resectability of pancreatic tumors. A substantial proportion of patients therefore undergo unnecessary surgical exploration. We determined the impact of laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound (LAPUS) examinations on surgical decision-making in 60 patients with pancreatic lesions.

Of 48 with solid pancreatic lesions, 22 were defined by LAPUS as having nonresectable tumors, while conventional imaging studies defined only 9 of them as such. 3 of these 9 underwent successful resections of the pancreatic mass. Surgical intervention was ruled out by LAPUS in 16 patients (33.3%) but 26 had resectable lesions of whom 25 underwent surgery. 3 of this group were found to have nonresectable tumors at surgery, a false-positive rate of 6.2%. Overall sensitivity of LAPUS in our series was 88%.

In 12 patients with cystic pancreatic lesions LAPUS contributed significantly to the preoperative decision due to clear imaging of the cystic lesion. Additional information was obtained from ultrasound guided-biopsy of the cyst wall, as well as determination of tumor-marker levels in the cystic fluid aspirate. LAPUS contributed significantly to operative management in 58%.

Extraperitoneal Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy

J. Kuriansky, A. Saenz, D. Rosin, E. Astudillo, L. Fernandez-Cruz

Dept. of General Surgery and Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Dept. of Surgery, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has recently been shown to be safe and effective for a variety of benign adrenal tumors, such as aldosterone adenoma, pheochromocytoma, nonfunctioning adenoma, Cushing's adenoma and Cushing's syndrome. Recently, laparoscopic surgeons adopted an extraperitoneal approach in which a space is created by the introduction of a trocar with an inflatable balloon tip. This technique with a minimal access procedure provides direct access to the adrenal glands without interfering with intraperitoneal organs.

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy using the extraperitoneal approach was completed in 18/20 consecutive patients. Mean operative time was 95 min (range 80-120) and median hospital stay 3 days. Blood transfusion was not required, and there were no postoperative complications.