תוצאת חיפוש

אורנית כהן-עזרא^1,4, יונה אבני², שרה מורגנשטרן³,  זיו בן-ארי⁴

¹מרפאת דגני לרפואה יועצת, שירותי בריאות כללית, חדרה, ²המכון לגסטרואנטרולוגיה, מרכז רפואי וולפסון, חולון, ³המכון לפתולוגיה, מרכז רפואי רבין-קמפוס בילינסון, פתח תקווה, ⁴ המרכז למחלות כבד, מרכז רפואי שיבא, תל השומר, רמת גן

תיופורינים הכוללים אזתיופרין ו- 6-mercaptopurine ניתנים כטיפול במושתלי איברים, כנגד מחלות מעי דלקתיות או מחלות מיפרקים וכטיפול אונקולוגי. הפרעות באנזימי כבד מופיעות ב-10%-3% מהמטופלים בתיופורינים והן לרוב ללא משמעות קלינית. תיופורינים עלולים לגרום גם למחלות כבד אחרות, כולל  היפרפלזיה קשרית מתחדשת – Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia (NRH). זהו סיבוך נדיר יחסית אך קשה. האבחנה של NRH אינה קלה, היות שלרוב המחלה היא אי תסמינית ואין סימנים ביוכימיים או מולקולאריים אבחוניים למחלה. החשד למחלה עולה לרוב כשקיימים תסמינים של יתר לחץ שערי או כשיש מימצא מעבדה מחשיד, כמו עלייה באנזימי כבד או ירידה ברמת טסיות הדם. ביופסיה של הכבד מאפשרת לבסס את האבחנה של NRH.

מדווח במאמרנו על גבר בן 40 שנה, עם מחלת קרוהן, שפיתח NRH תחת טיפול ב-6-MP. הביטוי הראשוני שלNRH  בפרשת חולה זה כלל הפרעה באנזימי כבד וירידה בטסיות הדם. תחילה נעשה ניסיון להפחית את מינון התרופה, אך בשל העובדה שלא היה שיפור בבדיקות מעבדה, הטיפול הופסק. למרות הפסקת הטיפול החולה פיתח דימום מדליות שטופל בגישה אנדוסקופית. 

היות שהטיפול בתיופורינים עלול לגרום להפרעות כבד שונות, חשובה אבחנה מבדלת בין החוליים השונים, כדי לזהות בשלב מוקדם מחלה כמו NRH המחייבת את הפסקת הטיפול בתרופות מקבוצה זו. 

לסיכום: NRH הוא סיבוך נדיר שעלול לסכן חיים בחולים עם מחלת מעי דלקתית (Inflammatory bowel disease – IBD)  המטופלים בתיופורינים.

Aggressive Surgical Treatment for Cholangiocarcinoma

M. Shimonov, P. Schecter, Y. Avni¹, E. Rabin², A. Rosen, A. Czerniak,

¹Department of Surgery A, Gastroenterology and ²Invasive-Radiology, Wolfson Medical

Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel

Surgery remains the only curative approach to cholangiocarcinoma. Despite operative difficulties concerning tumor location, vascular involvement or hepatic invasion curative resection (i.e. achievement of tumor free margins) carries good survival rates and is associated with low morbidity and mortality. Our experience with 31 patients with cholangiocarcinoma operated during the years 1993-1999 is presented.

Twenty-five patients were found to have hilar cholangiocarcinoma, 3 carcinoma of mid-choledochus and 3 distal cholangiocarcinoma. All patients were evaluated by a diagnostic protocol including laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound. Surgery consisted of local resection of the tumor with Roux en Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction. Three patients had concomitant hepatic resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma while 3 patients had pancreaticoduodenectomy for distal cholangiocarcinoma. Adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in all patients. Curative resection was achieved in 19 patients and palliative resection (microscopically involved resected margins) in 12. One patient died at 60 days postop (3.5% mortality). Postoperative complications included cholangitis occuring in 10 patients who were referred with biliary drains, intraabdominal abscess (2 patients) and biliary leakage (1 patient) all treated conservatively.

Overall survival rate was 82% at one year, 73% at two years and 45% at 5 years. When comparing curative resection with palliative resection, survival rates were 92% versus 71% for 1 year, 72% versus 50% for 2 year and 57% versus 14% for 5 years.

Selection of patients using Laparoscopic Ultrasound combined with aggressive surgical approach enable curative or palliative resection 15 the only treatment modality which is significantly improved survival.

Aggressive Surgical Approach in Pancreatic Cancer - Is it Justified?

V. Catz-Snir, P. Schachter, M. Shimonov, Y. Avni, G. Gvirtz, A. Czerniak

Depts. of Surgery, Gastroenterology, and Diagnostic Radiology, Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Resection presents the only possible cure for pancreatic cancer. An aggressive surgical approach may extend the limits of resection and offer cure for more patients. 37 women and 28 men, mean age 67 years (range 33-84) with focal lesions underwent pancreatic resection (1993-1999). Cancer of the pancreatic head was found in 45, in the ampulla in 4 and in the body or tail in 16. There was a tumor larger than 5 cm in 9, vascular involvement in 8, and a combination of both in 6.

All were evaluated prior to exploration by standard imaging techniques and 44 by laparoscopic ultrasound. 42 underwent pancreatico-duodenectomy, 16 distal subtotal pancreatectomy and 3 local excision of an ampullary tumor. Benign lesions were found in 8 (focal pancreatitis in 4 and a serous cystic lesion in 4).

Curative resection (microscopically negative margins, negative lymph nodes) was achieved in 44. 2 died 1-2 months after operation of septic complications (2% operative mortality). The most frequent complication (in 8) was pancreatic fistula. Additional complications included anastomotic-line bleeding (3), intra-abdominal abscess (2), and 1 developed portal vein thrombosis (treated surgically).

1- and 2-year survival in those after curative pancreatic resection was 81% and 55% respectively. 2-year survival in those after palliative resection (positive resection margins or positive lymph nodes) was 50% and 11%, respectively.

After proper selection of those in whom it is possible to perform curative resection, regardless of size or vascular involvement, an aggressive surgical approach is justified.
 

Laparoscopic Ultrasound in Predicting Resectability of Choriocarcinoma

M. Shimonov, P. Schachter, G. Gvirtz, Y. Avni, A. Rosen, A. Czerniak

Depts. of Surgery, Ultrasound, and of Gastroenterology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Cholangiocarcinoma accounts for about 1% of all malignant tumors. They are difficult to diagnose because of their small size and their location. Although surgical resection is the best therapeutic approach, most patients undergo unnecessary exploratory laparotomy due to incorrect preoperative diagnosis.

We present our experience with laparoscopic ultrasound (LU) in the evaluation of cholangiocarcinoma and determination of tumor spread and vascular involvement. Of 25 patients referred for surgery, 6 were excluded following LU and were referred instead for palliative treatment. Diagnosis of the tumor was successful in 92%, and vascular involvement was diagnosed in 46%. LU should be an integral diagnostic test in the evaluation of choriocarcinoma.

Evaluation of Laparoscopy and Laparoscopic Ultrasound in Pancreatic Lesions

P. Schachter, Y. Avni, A. Rosen, A. Czerniak

Depts. of Surgery A and of Gastroenterology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon

Pancreatic lesions present a diagnostic challenge. Even modern imaging techniques are not sensitive enough in determining resectability of pancreatic tumors. A substantial proportion of patients therefore undergo unnecessary surgical exploration. We determined the impact of laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound (LAPUS) examinations on surgical decision-making in 60 patients with pancreatic lesions.

Of 48 with solid pancreatic lesions, 22 were defined by LAPUS as having nonresectable tumors, while conventional imaging studies defined only 9 of them as such. 3 of these 9 underwent successful resections of the pancreatic mass. Surgical intervention was ruled out by LAPUS in 16 patients (33.3%) but 26 had resectable lesions of whom 25 underwent surgery. 3 of this group were found to have nonresectable tumors at surgery, a false-positive rate of 6.2%. Overall sensitivity of LAPUS in our series was 88%.

In 12 patients with cystic pancreatic lesions LAPUS contributed significantly to the preoperative decision due to clear imaging of the cystic lesion. Additional information was obtained from ultrasound guided-biopsy of the cyst wall, as well as determination of tumor-marker levels in the cystic fluid aspirate. LAPUS contributed significantly to operative management in 58%.